Testing libraries provide essential tools for developers to ensure their applications function correctly and maintain high quality. These libraries focus on enabling developers to write tests that simulate user interactions, validate component behavior, and ensure that the UI renders as expected. They are tailored to specific frameworks, allowing for a more seamless integration with the framework's architecture and best practices. By utilizing these libraries, developers can create robust test suites that enhance code reliability and facilitate easier maintenance over time.
React Testing Library
Simple and complete React DOM testing utilities that encourage good testing practices.
Table of Contents
- The problem
- The solution
- Installation
- Examples
- Hooks
- Guiding Principles
- Docs
- Issues
- Contributors
- LICENSE
The problem
You want to write maintainable tests for your React components. As a part of this goal, you want your tests to avoid including implementation details of your components and rather focus on making your tests give you the confidence for which they are intended. As part of this, you want your testbase to be maintainable in the long run so refactors of your components (changes to implementation but not functionality) don't break your tests and slow you and your team down.
The solution
The React Testing Library is a very lightweight solution for testing React
components. It provides light utility functions on top of react-dom and
react-dom/test-utils, in a way that encourages better testing practices. Its
primary guiding principle is:
The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.
Installation
This module is distributed via npm which is bundled with node and
should be installed as one of your project's devDependencies.
Starting from RTL version 16, you'll also need to install
@testing-library/dom:
npm install --save-dev @testing-library/react @testing-library/dom
or
for installation via yarn
yarn add --dev @testing-library/react @testing-library/dom
This library has peerDependencies listings for react, react-dom and
starting from RTL version 16 also @testing-library/dom.
React Testing Library versions 13+ require React v18. If your project uses an older version of React, be sure to install version 12:
npm install --save-dev @testing-library/react@12
yarn add --dev @testing-library/react@12
You may also be interested in installing @testing-library/jest-dom so you can
use the custom jest matchers.
Suppressing unnecessary warnings on React DOM 16.8
There is a known compatibility issue with React DOM 16.8 where you will see the following warning:
Warning: An update to ComponentName inside a test was not wrapped in act(...).
If you cannot upgrade to React DOM 16.9, you may suppress the warnings by adding the following snippet to your test configuration (learn more):
// this is just a little hack to silence a warning that we'll get until we
// upgrade to 16.9. See also: https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/14853
const originalError = console.error
beforeAll(() => {
console.error = (...args) => {
if (/Warning.*not wrapped in act/.test(args[0])) {
return
}
originalError.call(console, ...args)
}
})
afterAll(() => {
console.error = originalError
})
Examples
Basic Example
// hidden-message.js
import * as React from 'react'
// NOTE: React Testing Library works well with React Hooks and classes.
// Your tests will be the same regardless of how you write your components.
function HiddenMessage({children}) {
const [showMessage, setShowMessage] = React.useState(false)
return (
<div>
<label htmlFor="toggle">Show Message</label>
<input
id="toggle"
type="checkbox"
onChange={e => setShowMessage(e.target.checked)}
checked={showMessage}
/>
{showMessage ? children : null}
</div>
)
}
export default HiddenMessage
// __tests__/hidden-message.js
// these imports are something you'd normally configure Jest to import for you
// automatically. Learn more in the setup docs: https://testing-library.com/docs/react-testing-library/setup#cleanup
import '@testing-library/jest-dom'
// NOTE: jest-dom adds handy assertions to Jest and is recommended, but not required
import * as React from 'react'
import {render, fireEvent, screen} from '@testing-library/react'
import HiddenMessage from '../hidden-message'
test('shows the children when the checkbox is checked', () => {
const testMessage = 'Test Message'
render(<HiddenMessage>{testMessage}</HiddenMessage>)
// query* functions will return the element or null if it cannot be found
// get* functions will return the element or throw an error if it cannot be found
expect(screen.queryByText(testMessage)).toBeNull()
// the queries can accept a regex to make your selectors more resilient to content tweaks and changes.
fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText(/show/i))
// .toBeInTheDocument() is an assertion that comes from jest-dom
// otherwise you could use .toBeDefined()
expect(screen.getByText(testMessage)).toBeInTheDocument()
})
Complex Example
// login.js
import * as React from 'react'
function Login() {
const [state, setState] = React.useReducer((s, a) => ({...s, ...a}), {
resolved: false,
loading: false,
error: null,
})
function handleSubmit(event) {
event.preventDefault()
const {usernameInput, passwordInput} = event.target.elements
setState({loading: true, resolved: false, error: null})
window
.fetch('/api/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
body: JSON.stringify({
username: usernameInput.value,
password: passwordInput.value,
}),
})
.then(r => r.json().then(data => (r.ok ? data : Promise.reject(data))))
.then(
user => {
setState({loading: false, resolved: true, error: null})
window.localStorage.setItem('token', user.token)
},
error => {
setState({loading: false, resolved: false, error: error.message})
},
)
}
return (
<div>
<form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
<div>
<label htmlFor="usernameInput">Username</label>
<input id="usernameInput" />
</div>
<div>
<label htmlFor="passwordInput">Password</label>
<input id="passwordInput" type="password" />
</div>
<button type="submit">Submit{state.loading ? '...' : null}</button>
</form>
{state.error ? <div role="alert">{state.error}</div> : null}
{state.resolved ? (
<div role="alert">Congrats! You're signed in!</div>
) : null}
</div>
)
}
export default Login
// __tests__/login.js
// again, these first two imports are something you'd normally handle in
// your testing framework configuration rather than importing them in every file.
import '@testing-library/jest-dom'
import * as React from 'react'
// import API mocking utilities from Mock Service Worker.
import {rest} from 'msw'
import {setupServer} from 'msw/node'
// import testing utilities
import {render, fireEvent, screen} from '@testing-library/react'
import Login from '../login'
const fakeUserResponse = {token: 'fake_user_token'}
const server = setupServer(
rest.post('/api/login', (req, res, ctx) => {
return res(ctx.json(fakeUserResponse))
}),
)
beforeAll(() => server.listen())
afterEach(() => {
server.resetHandlers()
window.localStorage.removeItem('token')
})
afterAll(() => server.close())
test('allows the user to login successfully', async () => {
render(<Login />)
// fill out the form
fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/username/i), {
target: {value: 'chuck'},
})
fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/password/i), {
target: {value: 'norris'},
})
fireEvent.click(screen.getByText(/submit/i))
// just like a manual tester, we'll instruct our test to wait for the alert
// to show up before continuing with our assertions.
const alert = await screen.findByRole('alert')
// .toHaveTextContent() comes from jest-dom's assertions
// otherwise you could use expect(alert.textContent).toMatch(/congrats/i)
// but jest-dom will give you better error messages which is why it's recommended
expect(alert).toHaveTextContent(/congrats/i)
expect(window.localStorage.getItem('token')).toEqual(fakeUserResponse.token)
})
test('handles server exceptions', async () => {
// mock the server error response for this test suite only.
server.use(
rest.post('/api/login', (req, res, ctx) => {
return res(ctx.status(500), ctx.json({message: 'Internal server error'}))
}),
)
render(<Login />)
// fill out the form
fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/username/i), {
target: {value: 'chuck'},
})
fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/password/i), {
target: {value: 'norris'},
})
fireEvent.click(screen.getByText(/submit/i))
// wait for the error message
const alert = await screen.findByRole('alert')
expect(alert).toHaveTextContent(/internal server error/i)
expect(window.localStorage.getItem('token')).toBeNull()
})
We recommend using Mock Service Worker library to declaratively mock API communication in your tests instead of stubbing
window.fetch, or relying on third-party adapters.
More Examples
We're in the process of moving examples to the docs site
You'll find runnable examples of testing with different libraries in
the react-testing-library-examples codesandbox.
Some included are:
Hooks
If you are interested in testing a custom hook, check out React Hooks Testing Library.
NOTE: it is not recommended to test single-use custom hooks in isolation from the components where it's being used. It's better to test the component that's using the hook rather than the hook itself. The
React Hooks Testing Libraryis intended to be used for reusable hooks/libraries.
Guiding Principles
The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.
We try to only expose methods and utilities that encourage you to write tests that closely resemble how your React components are used.
Utilities are included in this project based on the following guiding principles:
- If it relates to rendering components, it deals with DOM nodes rather than component instances, nor should it encourage dealing with component instances.
- It should be generally useful for testing individual React components or
full React applications. While this library is focused on
react-dom, utilities could be included even if they don't directly relate toreact-dom. - Utility implementations and APIs should be simple and flexible.
Most importantly, we want React Testing Library to be pretty light-weight, simple, and easy to understand.
Docs
Issues
Looking to contribute? Look for the Good First Issue label.
🐛 Bugs
Please file an issue for bugs, missing documentation, or unexpected behavior.
💡 Feature Requests
Please file an issue to suggest new features. Vote on feature requests by adding a 👍. This helps maintainers prioritize what to work on.
❓ Questions
For questions related to using the library, please visit a support community instead of filing an issue on GitHub.
Contributors
Thanks goes to these people (emoji key):
This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!