zod vs joi vs yup vs io-ts vs ts-to-zod
TypeScript Validation Libraries Comparison
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What's TypeScript Validation Libraries?

TypeScript validation libraries are essential tools in web development that help ensure data integrity and type safety in applications. These libraries provide mechanisms to define schemas, validate data against those schemas, and handle errors gracefully. They are particularly useful in scenarios where data is received from external sources, such as APIs, ensuring that the data conforms to expected formats and types. By integrating these libraries, developers can catch errors early in the development process, leading to more robust and maintainable code.

Package Weekly Downloads Trend
Github Stars Ranking
Stat Detail
Package
Downloads
Stars
Size
Issues
Publish
License
zod41,852,019
39,3273.71 MB2543 days agoMIT
joi12,485,456
21,136531 kB190a year agoBSD-3-Clause
yup7,813,860
23,487270 kB24120 hours agoMIT
io-ts1,868,495
6,789460 kB1648 months agoMIT
ts-to-zod72,562
1,430433 kB668 months agoMIT
Feature Comparison: zod vs joi vs yup vs io-ts vs ts-to-zod

Type Safety

  • zod:

    Zod is designed with TypeScript in mind, offering excellent type inference and ensuring that the schemas defined are always in sync with the TypeScript types, providing strong type safety.

  • joi:

    Joi does not natively integrate with TypeScript types, but it allows for schema definitions that can be used to validate data structures. However, it lacks the same level of type inference as io-ts or Zod.

  • yup:

    Yup supports TypeScript but requires additional type definitions for full type inference. It allows for defining schemas that can validate data structures but may not provide as seamless an experience as io-ts or Zod.

  • io-ts:

    io-ts provides a strong integration with TypeScript, allowing developers to create runtime type checks that align with their TypeScript types. This ensures that the data is validated against the expected types, reducing runtime errors.

  • ts-to-zod:

    ts-to-zod generates Zod schemas from TypeScript types, ensuring that the validation logic is always in sync with the types defined in your codebase, thus enhancing type safety.

Ease of Use

  • zod:

    Zod offers a clean and expressive API that is easy to use, making schema definitions straightforward while maintaining strong type safety.

  • joi:

    Joi is known for its user-friendly API, allowing developers to define complex validation rules in a straightforward manner. Its fluent interface makes it easy to read and write validation schemas.

  • yup:

    Yup is designed to be simple and intuitive, especially for form validation. Its promise-based API makes it easy to integrate with asynchronous validation scenarios.

  • io-ts:

    io-ts has a steeper learning curve due to its functional programming style and the need to understand its combinators. However, once mastered, it offers powerful validation capabilities.

  • ts-to-zod:

    ts-to-zod is easy to use if you are already familiar with TypeScript and Zod. It automates the conversion process, simplifying schema creation.

Integration

  • zod:

    Zod can be used in any JavaScript or TypeScript project and is particularly effective in applications that prioritize type safety and validation.

  • joi:

    Joi integrates well with Express.js and other Node.js frameworks, making it a popular choice for server-side validation of incoming requests.

  • yup:

    Yup is commonly used with React and integrates seamlessly with Formik, making it a preferred choice for form validation in React applications.

  • io-ts:

    io-ts can be integrated with various functional programming libraries and is particularly useful in applications that require a functional approach to validation.

  • ts-to-zod:

    ts-to-zod is specifically designed to work with Zod, providing a bridge between TypeScript types and Zod schemas, making it easy to adopt Zod in existing TypeScript projects.

Performance

  • zod:

    Zod is designed for high performance, providing fast validation without sacrificing type safety, making it suitable for applications that require quick data checks.

  • joi:

    Joi is efficient for validating data structures but can become slower with very large objects or complex schemas due to its extensive feature set.

  • yup:

    Yup is optimized for performance, especially in form validation scenarios, where it can handle asynchronous validation without significant delays.

  • io-ts:

    io-ts may have performance overhead due to its functional programming nature and the complexity of its type checks, but it is generally efficient for most applications.

  • ts-to-zod:

    ts-to-zod's performance is dependent on Zod, which is designed to be fast and efficient in validation tasks, ensuring minimal overhead when converting types.

Community and Support

  • zod:

    Zod is rapidly gaining popularity and has a growing community, with good documentation and support available for developers.

  • joi:

    Joi has a large community and extensive documentation, making it easy to find examples and support for common validation scenarios.

  • yup:

    Yup has a strong community and is widely used in the React ecosystem, ensuring ample resources and community support for developers.

  • io-ts:

    io-ts has a smaller community compared to some other libraries, which may affect the availability of resources and support, but it is well-documented.

  • ts-to-zod:

    ts-to-zod is a newer package and may have a smaller community, but it benefits from the growing popularity of Zod and TypeScript.

How to Choose: zod vs joi vs yup vs io-ts vs ts-to-zod
  • zod:

    Select Zod for its focus on TypeScript-first validation, providing a simple and expressive API. It is particularly well-suited for projects that require a straightforward way to define schemas and validate data while maintaining strong type inference.

  • joi:

    Select Joi for its rich feature set and ease of use when validating complex objects. It provides a fluent API for defining schemas and is particularly strong in scenarios where you need to validate user input in forms or APIs.

  • yup:

    Choose Yup for its simplicity and promise-based validation, making it a great option for form validation in React applications. Its integration with libraries like Formik makes it a popular choice for managing form state and validation.

  • io-ts:

    Choose io-ts if you need a library that integrates deeply with TypeScript's type system, allowing you to create runtime type validation that mirrors your TypeScript types. It is ideal for projects that prioritize type safety and want to leverage functional programming principles.

  • ts-to-zod:

    Opt for ts-to-zod if you want to convert TypeScript types into Zod schemas automatically. This package is useful for projects that already use TypeScript and want to leverage Zod's capabilities without manually defining schemas.

Similar Npm Packages to zod

zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library. It allows developers to define schemas for their data structures and validate data against these schemas in a type-safe manner. Zod is particularly useful for ensuring that the data conforms to expected formats, making it a great choice for applications that require robust data validation. While Zod offers a powerful solution for schema validation, there are several alternatives in the ecosystem that provide similar functionalities. Here are a few notable alternatives:

  • io-ts is a runtime type system for TypeScript that allows you to define types and validate data at runtime. It provides a functional approach to validation and can be integrated with other libraries like fp-ts for functional programming paradigms. io-ts is particularly useful for applications that require both static type checking and runtime validation, making it a solid choice for developers who prioritize functional programming principles.

  • joi is a powerful schema description language and data validator for JavaScript objects. It provides a rich set of features for defining complex validation rules and is widely used in Node.js applications. Joi's expressive syntax allows developers to create detailed validation schemas with ease. If you are looking for a mature and feature-rich validation library that works well in both client-side and server-side applications, joi is an excellent option.

  • yup is a JavaScript schema builder for value parsing and validation. It is heavily inspired by Joi but is designed to work seamlessly with React and other modern JavaScript frameworks. Yup provides a simple and intuitive API for defining validation schemas and supports asynchronous validation. If you are building applications with React and need a validation library that integrates well with form libraries like Formik, yup is a great choice.

To see how zod compares with io-ts, joi, and yup, check out the comparison: Comparing io-ts vs joi vs yup vs zod.

Similar Npm Packages to joi

joi is a powerful schema description language and data validator for JavaScript objects. It allows developers to define complex validation rules for their data structures, making it easier to ensure that incoming data meets specific criteria before processing it. Joi is particularly useful in server-side applications, where data validation is crucial for maintaining data integrity and security. While joi is a popular choice for data validation, there are several alternatives available in the ecosystem. Here are a few notable ones:

  • celebrate is a middleware for Express.js that integrates Joi for validating request data. It allows developers to define validation schemas for request parameters, query strings, and request bodies, making it easy to enforce data integrity in Express applications. Celebrate simplifies the validation process by providing a straightforward API that works seamlessly with Express, ensuring that only valid data reaches your route handlers. If you're already using Joi and want to integrate it into your Express application, Celebrate is an excellent choice.
  • express-validator is another popular middleware for validating and sanitizing request data in Express applications. Unlike Joi, which focuses on schema-based validation, express-validator uses a set of validation and sanitization middlewares that can be applied to individual routes. This flexibility allows developers to define validation rules directly in their route definitions. If you prefer a more modular approach to validation and want to keep your validation logic close to your route handlers, express-validator is a great alternative.
  • yup is a JavaScript schema builder for value parsing and validation. It is similar to Joi but offers a more modern API and is often favored for its promise-based validation and support for asynchronous validation. Yup is particularly useful for client-side validation in React applications, but it can also be used in server-side contexts. If you're looking for a lightweight and flexible validation library that works well with both client and server applications, Yup is worth considering.

To explore how joi compares with celebrate, express-validator, and yup, check out the comparison: Comparing celebrate vs express-validator vs joi vs yup.

Similar Npm Packages to yup

yup is a JavaScript schema builder for value parsing and validation. It is often used in conjunction with form libraries to ensure that user input meets certain criteria before being processed. Yup provides a fluent API for defining schemas, making it easy to validate complex data structures. While yup is a popular choice for validation, there are several alternatives available in the JavaScript ecosystem. Here are a few notable ones:

  • express-validator is a set of middleware functions that can be used to validate and sanitize user input in Express.js applications. It is built on top of validator.js and provides a simple way to validate request data, such as query parameters, body data, and headers. If you're working with an Express application and need to validate incoming requests, express-validator is a robust solution that integrates seamlessly with the Express framework.
  • joi is another powerful schema description language and data validator for JavaScript. It allows developers to create complex validation rules and provides a rich set of features for validating various data types. Joi is particularly useful for server-side validation in Node.js applications, and it can be used to validate incoming request data as well as data from other sources. If you need a comprehensive validation library that supports complex validation scenarios, joi is an excellent option.
  • validator.js is a library that provides a set of string validators and sanitizers. While it does not offer the same schema-based validation approach as yup, joi, or express-validator, it can be used in conjunction with other libraries to perform basic validation tasks. If you need lightweight validation functions for specific use cases, validator.js can be a useful addition to your toolkit.

For a detailed comparison of these validation libraries, check out the following link: Comparing express-validator vs joi vs yup.

Similar Npm Packages to io-ts

io-ts is a TypeScript library for runtime type validation and decoding. It allows developers to define types using a functional approach and validate data at runtime, ensuring that the data conforms to the specified types. This is particularly useful in scenarios where data comes from external sources, such as APIs, and needs to be validated before use. io-ts integrates seamlessly with TypeScript, providing strong type inference and ensuring type safety throughout your application.

While io-ts offers a robust solution for runtime type validation, there are several alternatives in the ecosystem that also provide similar functionality. Here are a few noteworthy options:

  • joi is a powerful schema description language and data validator for JavaScript objects. It allows developers to create complex validation rules and provides a rich set of features for validating and sanitizing data. joi is widely used in Node.js applications and is known for its expressive syntax and flexibility. If you are looking for a comprehensive validation library that can handle complex validation scenarios, joi is an excellent choice.

  • runtypes is a library for creating runtime type checkers in TypeScript. It allows developers to define types and validate data against those types at runtime. runtypes is designed to be simple and lightweight, making it easy to integrate into existing TypeScript projects. If you prefer a minimalistic approach to runtime type validation while still leveraging TypeScript's type system, runtypes is worth considering.

  • zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library. It provides a simple and intuitive API for defining schemas and validating data, with a strong focus on TypeScript support. zod allows developers to create complex validation rules while maintaining type safety, making it a great choice for TypeScript applications. If you want a library that is easy to use and integrates well with TypeScript, zod is a strong contender.

To see how io-ts compares with joi, runtypes, and zod, check out the comparison: Comparing io-ts vs joi vs runtypes vs zod.

Similar Npm Packages to ts-to-zod

ts-to-zod is a TypeScript utility that helps developers convert TypeScript types into Zod schemas. Zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library that allows for the creation of complex validation logic while maintaining type safety. By using ts-to-zod, developers can streamline the process of creating Zod schemas from existing TypeScript types, making it easier to ensure that data adheres to the expected structure.

While ts-to-zod is a valuable tool for working with Zod, there are several alternatives in the schema validation landscape that developers might consider:

  • io-ts is a runtime type system for IO decoding and encoding. It allows developers to define types using TypeScript and provides a way to validate and decode data at runtime. io-ts is particularly useful for applications that need to ensure the integrity of data coming from external sources, such as APIs. Its functional programming approach and integration with TypeScript make it a solid choice for developers who prioritize type safety and runtime validation.

  • joi is a powerful schema description language and data validator for JavaScript objects. It allows developers to create complex validation rules and provides a rich set of features for validating input data. Joi is widely used in Node.js applications and is particularly effective for server-side validation. Its expressive syntax and extensive documentation make it a popular choice among developers looking for a robust validation library.

  • yup is a JavaScript schema builder for value parsing and validation. It is similar to Joi but is designed to work seamlessly with React and other front-end frameworks. Yup provides a simple and intuitive API for defining validation schemas and is particularly useful for form validation in React applications. Its integration with libraries like Formik makes it a go-to choice for developers working on client-side validation.

  • zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library. It allows developers to define schemas in a straightforward manner while ensuring type safety. Zod is particularly appealing for TypeScript users due to its focus on type inference and validation. It provides a clean API and is designed to work well with TypeScript's type system, making it a strong alternative for those looking for a modern validation library.

To explore how ts-to-zod compares with io-ts, joi, yup, and zod, check out the comparison: Comparing io-ts vs joi vs ts-to-zod vs yup vs zod.

README for zod

Zod logo

Zod

TypeScript-first schema validation with static type inference
by @colinhacks


Zod CI status License npm discord server stars

Docs   •   Discord   •   𝕏   •   Bluesky


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Read the docs →



What is Zod?

Zod is a TypeScript-first validation library. Define a schema and parse some data with it. You'll get back a strongly typed, validated result.

import * as z from "zod";

const User = z.object({
  name: z.string(),
});

// some untrusted data...
const input = {
  /* stuff */
};

// the parsed result is validated and type safe!
const data = User.parse(input);

// so you can use it with confidence :)
console.log(data.name);

Features

  • Zero external dependencies
  • Works in Node.js and all modern browsers
  • Tiny: 2kb core bundle (gzipped)
  • Immutable API: methods return a new instance
  • Concise interface
  • Works with TypeScript and plain JS
  • Built-in JSON Schema conversion
  • Extensive ecosystem

Installation

npm install zod

Basic usage

Before you can do anything else, you need to define a schema. For the purposes of this guide, we'll use a simple object schema.

import * as z from "zod";

const Player = z.object({
  username: z.string(),
  xp: z.number(),
});

Parsing data

Given any Zod schema, use .parse to validate an input. If it's valid, Zod returns a strongly-typed deep clone of the input.

Player.parse({ username: "billie", xp: 100 });
// => returns { username: "billie", xp: 100 }

Note — If your schema uses certain asynchronous APIs like async refinements or transforms, you'll need to use the .parseAsync() method instead.

const schema = z.string().refine(async (val) => val.length <= 8);

await schema.parseAsync("hello");
// => "hello"

Handling errors

When validation fails, the .parse() method will throw a ZodError instance with granular information about the validation issues.

try {
  Player.parse({ username: 42, xp: "100" });
} catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof z.ZodError) {
    err.issues;
    /* [
      {
        expected: 'string',
        code: 'invalid_type',
        path: [ 'username' ],
        message: 'Invalid input: expected string'
      },
      {
        expected: 'number',
        code: 'invalid_type',
        path: [ 'xp' ],
        message: 'Invalid input: expected number'
      }
    ] */
  }
}

To avoid a try/catch block, you can use the .safeParse() method to get back a plain result object containing either the successfully parsed data or a ZodError. The result type is a discriminated union, so you can handle both cases conveniently.

const result = Player.safeParse({ username: 42, xp: "100" });
if (!result.success) {
  result.error; // ZodError instance
} else {
  result.data; // { username: string; xp: number }
}

Note — If your schema uses certain asynchronous APIs like async refinements or transforms, you'll need to use the .safeParseAsync() method instead.

const schema = z.string().refine(async (val) => val.length <= 8);

await schema.safeParseAsync("hello");
// => { success: true; data: "hello" }

Inferring types

Zod infers a static type from your schema definitions. You can extract this type with the z.infer<> utility and use it however you like.

const Player = z.object({
  username: z.string(),
  xp: z.number(),
});

// extract the inferred type
type Player = z.infer<typeof Player>;

// use it in your code
const player: Player = { username: "billie", xp: 100 };

In some cases, the input & output types of a schema can diverge. For instance, the .transform() API can convert the input from one type to another. In these cases, you can extract the input and output types independently:

const mySchema = z.string().transform((val) => val.length);

type MySchemaIn = z.input<typeof mySchema>;
// => string

type MySchemaOut = z.output<typeof mySchema>; // equivalent to z.infer<typeof mySchema>
// number
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