knex vs sequelize vs mysql vs mariadb
Database Interaction Libraries Comparison
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What's Database Interaction Libraries?

Database interaction libraries in Node.js provide developers with tools to connect, query, and manipulate databases from their applications. These libraries abstract the complexities of database communication, allowing for easier data retrieval, insertion, updating, and deletion. They often support various database systems, provide query building capabilities, and may include features like connection pooling, transaction management, and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) functionality. Examples include knex, mariadb, mysql, and sequelize, each offering unique features and capabilities for different use cases.

Package Weekly Downloads Trend
Github Stars Ranking
Stat Detail
Package
Downloads
Stars
Size
Issues
Publish
License
knex2,235,879
19,944874 kB1,2162 years agoMIT
sequelize2,103,802
30,1052.91 MB9834 months agoMIT
mysql947,095
18,531-1736 years agoMIT
mariadb157,738
395702 kB2617 days agoLGPL-2.1-or-later
Feature Comparison: knex vs sequelize vs mysql vs mariadb

Database Support

  • knex:

    knex supports multiple SQL databases, including PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle, making it a versatile choice for projects that may need to switch databases or support multiple backends.

  • sequelize:

    sequelize is an ORM that supports various SQL databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Microsoft SQL Server. It provides a unified API for interacting with different database systems.

  • mysql:

    The mysql package is focused on MySQL databases, offering a straightforward interface for connecting and interacting with MySQL servers. It does not support other database systems.

  • mariadb:

    mariadb is specifically designed for MariaDB and MySQL databases, providing optimized support for features unique to these systems, such as JSON data types and advanced indexing.

Query Building

  • knex:

    knex provides a powerful query builder that allows for both programmatic and raw SQL query construction. It supports complex queries, joins, and transactions while maintaining a fluent API.

  • sequelize:

    sequelize offers a high-level API for query building through its ORM features. It allows developers to define models, associations, and perform queries using a more abstracted and structured approach.

  • mysql:

    The mysql package allows for raw SQL query execution and supports prepared statements, but it does not include a query builder. Developers write SQL queries directly in their code.

  • mariadb:

    mariadb allows for raw SQL query execution and supports prepared statements, but it does not provide a built-in query builder. Developers can write SQL queries directly or use external libraries for query building.

ORM Capabilities

  • knex:

    knex does not provide built-in ORM capabilities, but it can be used alongside other ORM libraries or frameworks. It focuses on query building and database interaction without abstracting data models.

  • sequelize:

    sequelize is a full-featured ORM that provides data modeling, associations, migrations, and validations. It abstracts database interactions, allowing developers to work with data using JavaScript objects.

  • mysql:

    The mysql package is a database driver and does not offer ORM capabilities. It provides low-level access to MySQL databases for executing queries and managing connections.

  • mariadb:

    mariadb is a database driver and does not include ORM features. It is designed for direct database interaction and does not provide abstractions for data modeling.

Connection Pooling

  • knex:

    knex supports connection pooling out of the box, allowing for efficient management of database connections and improved performance for applications with high concurrency.

  • sequelize:

    sequelize supports connection pooling and allows developers to configure pool settings, such as the maximum number of connections, idle time, and connection timeout.

  • mysql:

    The mysql package supports connection pooling through its built-in pool feature, allowing multiple connections to be managed and reused, improving performance in concurrent applications.

  • mariadb:

    mariadb supports connection pooling, which helps manage multiple database connections efficiently and reduces the overhead of establishing new connections for each request.

Ease of Use: Code Examples

  • knex:

    Example of using knex for query building and database interaction:

    const knex = require('knex')({
  client: 'mysql',
  connection: {
    host: 'localhost',
    user: 'your_user',
    password: 'your_password',
    database: 'your_database'
  }
});

// Querying data
knex('users').select('*').where('id', 1).then(rows => {
  console.log(rows);
}).catch(err => {
  console.error(err);
}).finally(() => {
  knex.destroy();
});
  • sequelize:

    Example of using sequelize for ORM-based database interaction:

    const { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
const sequelize = new Sequelize('your_database', 'your_user', 'your_password', {
  host: 'localhost',
  dialect: 'mysql'
});

const User = sequelize.define('User', {
  name: { type: DataTypes.STRING, allowNull: false },
  email: { type: DataTypes.STRING, allowNull: false, unique: true }
});

async function run() {
  await sequelize.sync(); // Create table if it doesn't exist
  const user = await User.create({ name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' });
  console.log(user.toJSON());
}

run().catch(console.error);
  • mysql:

    Example of using mysql for database interaction:

    const mysql = require('mysql');
const connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host: 'localhost',
  user: 'your_user',
  password: 'your_password',
  database: 'your_database'
});

connection.connect(err => {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log('Connected to the database');

  connection.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1], (err, results) => {
    if (err) throw err;
    console.log(results);
    connection.end();
  });
});
  • mariadb:

    Example of using mariadb for database interaction:

    const mariadb = require('mariadb');
const pool = mariadb.createPool({
  host: 'localhost',
  user: 'your_user',
  password: 'your_password',
  database: 'your_database'
});

async function queryDatabase() {
  let conn;
  try {
    conn = await pool.getConnection();
    const rows = await conn.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);
    console.log(rows);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
  } finally {
    if (conn) conn.release();
  }
}

queryDatabase();
How to Choose: knex vs sequelize vs mysql vs mariadb
  • knex:

    Choose knex if you need a flexible SQL query builder that supports multiple database systems. It is ideal for projects that require raw SQL capabilities with a structured approach, allowing for complex queries while maintaining database-agnosticism.

  • sequelize:

    Choose sequelize if you prefer an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) solution that provides a high-level abstraction for database interactions. It supports multiple database systems, offers model-based data manipulation, and includes features like migrations, associations, and validations.

  • mysql:

    Opt for mysql if you need a simple and reliable driver for MySQL databases. It is lightweight and easy to use, making it suitable for projects that require basic database connectivity without the need for advanced features.

  • mariadb:

    Select mariadb if you are specifically working with MariaDB or MySQL databases and need a driver that supports modern features like async/await, connection pooling, and prepared statements. It is optimized for performance and compatibility with MariaDB.

Similar Npm Packages to knex

knex is a SQL query builder for Node.js that provides a flexible and powerful way to interact with databases. It supports various SQL dialects and allows developers to build complex queries using a fluent API. Knex is particularly useful for projects that require raw SQL capabilities while still benefiting from a programmatic interface. However, there are several alternatives that offer different features and paradigms for database interaction. Here are a few notable ones:

  • bookshelf is an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library built on top of Knex. It provides a higher-level abstraction for working with databases, allowing developers to define models and relationships between them. Bookshelf is ideal for applications that require a more structured approach to data management, as it simplifies the process of defining models, handling relationships, and performing CRUD operations. If you're looking for an ORM that leverages the power of Knex while providing a more intuitive interface, Bookshelf is a great choice.

  • sequelize is another popular ORM for Node.js that supports multiple SQL dialects. It offers a rich set of features, including model validation, associations, and migrations. Sequelize is known for its comprehensive documentation and community support, making it a solid option for developers who need a feature-rich ORM. If your application requires advanced ORM capabilities and you prefer a more opinionated structure, Sequelize might be the right fit.

  • typeorm is an ORM for TypeScript and JavaScript that supports various SQL databases as well as MongoDB. It is designed to work seamlessly with TypeScript, providing decorators and a type-safe API. TypeORM is particularly useful for developers who want to leverage TypeScript's features while working with a relational database. If you're building a TypeScript application and need an ORM that integrates well with TypeScript's type system, TypeORM is an excellent choice.

To see how Knex compares with Bookshelf, Sequelize, and TypeORM, check out the comparison: Comparing bookshelf vs knex vs sequelize vs typeorm.

Similar Npm Packages to sequelize

sequelize is a promise-based Node.js ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library that provides a powerful and flexible way to interact with relational databases such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, and Microsoft SQL Server. It allows developers to define models, perform queries, and manage relationships between data in a more intuitive manner, abstracting away the complexities of raw SQL queries. Sequelize is particularly popular for its rich feature set, including support for transactions, migrations, and associations.

While Sequelize is a robust choice for ORM in Node.js applications, there are several alternatives that developers might consider:

  • bookshelf is an ORM for Node.js that is built on top of the Knex.js SQL query builder. It provides a simple and elegant way to interact with databases while supporting features like relations, virtuals, and pagination. Bookshelf is particularly well-suited for projects that require a lightweight ORM with a focus on simplicity and ease of use. If you prefer a more minimalistic approach and want to leverage Knex.js for building queries, Bookshelf is a great option.

  • objection is another ORM for Node.js that is also built on top of Knex.js. It aims to provide a more powerful and flexible alternative to Bookshelf by supporting advanced features such as eager loading, transactions, and complex queries. Objection is designed for developers who need more control over their database interactions while still benefiting from the simplicity of an ORM. If your application requires complex relationships and queries, Objection may be the right choice.

  • waterline is an ORM that is part of the Sails.js framework but can also be used independently. It provides a simple data access layer that works with various databases, including SQL and NoSQL options. Waterline abstracts the database interactions, allowing developers to work with a unified API regardless of the underlying database. If you are building an application with Sails.js or need a versatile ORM that supports multiple database types, Waterline is worth considering.

To see how Sequelize compares with Bookshelf, Objection, and Waterline, check out the comparison: Comparing bookshelf vs objection vs sequelize vs waterline.

Similar Npm Packages to mysql

mysql is a popular Node.js driver for connecting to MySQL databases. It provides a straightforward API for executing SQL queries, managing connections, and handling results. While the mysql package is widely used for relational database management, there are several alternatives that cater to different needs and preferences in the Node.js ecosystem. Here are a few notable alternatives:

  • knex is a SQL query builder for Node.js that supports multiple database systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and others. It provides a flexible and powerful API for constructing complex SQL queries programmatically. Knex is particularly useful for developers who want to write database-agnostic code while still having the capability to execute raw SQL queries when needed. Its migration and seeding features also make it a great choice for managing database schema changes in applications.

  • mongodb is a Node.js driver for MongoDB, a NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. If your application requires a schema-less design or needs to handle large volumes of unstructured data, MongoDB is an excellent choice. The MongoDB driver allows developers to interact with the database using a simple API, making it easy to perform CRUD operations and manage collections.

  • pg is a PostgreSQL client for Node.js that provides a robust interface for connecting to PostgreSQL databases. Known for its advanced features and performance, PostgreSQL is a powerful relational database system. The pg package allows developers to execute SQL queries, manage connections, and handle transactions efficiently. If your application requires the features of PostgreSQL, such as JSONB support or advanced indexing, using the pg package is a great option.

  • sequelize is an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library for Node.js that supports various SQL databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. Sequelize allows developers to interact with databases using JavaScript objects instead of raw SQL queries, making it easier to manage database interactions in a more abstract way. It provides features such as model validation, associations, and migrations, making it suitable for applications that require a higher level of abstraction over direct SQL queries.

To see how mysql compares with knex, mongodb, pg, and sequelize, check out the comparison: Comparing knex vs mongodb vs mysql vs pg vs sequelize.

Similar Npm Packages to mariadb

mariadb is a Node.js client for MariaDB, a popular open-source relational database management system that is a fork of MySQL. The mariadb package provides a simple and efficient way to connect to and interact with MariaDB databases from Node.js applications. It supports both promise-based and callback-based APIs, making it flexible for various coding styles. With features like connection pooling, prepared statements, and support for transactions, the mariadb package is a robust choice for developers looking to leverage MariaDB in their applications.

While mariadb is a great option for working with MariaDB databases, there are several alternatives that developers might consider:

  • knex is a SQL query builder for Node.js that supports multiple database systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. It provides a flexible and powerful API for building complex SQL queries programmatically. Knex is particularly useful for developers who want to write database-agnostic code while still having the ability to execute raw SQL queries when needed. Its migration and seeding features also make it a popular choice for managing database schemas and data.

  • mysql is a widely-used Node.js client for MySQL databases. It provides a straightforward API for connecting to MySQL servers and executing queries. While it is specifically designed for MySQL, it offers a reliable solution for developers who are working exclusively with MySQL databases. The mysql package supports both callbacks and promises, making it easy to integrate into various coding styles.

  • sequelize is a promise-based ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library for Node.js that supports multiple SQL dialects, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. Sequelize allows developers to interact with databases using JavaScript objects rather than writing raw SQL queries. It provides powerful features such as model validation, associations, and migrations, making it an excellent choice for developers looking to implement a more structured approach to database interactions.

To see how mariadb compares with knex, mysql, and sequelize, check out the comparison: Comparing knex vs mariadb vs mysql vs sequelize.

README for knex

knex.js

npm version npm downloads Coverage Status Dependencies Status Gitter chat

A SQL query builder that is flexible, portable, and fun to use!

A batteries-included, multi-dialect (PostgreSQL, MySQL, CockroachDB, MSSQL, SQLite3, Oracle (including Oracle Wallet Authentication)) query builder for Node.js, featuring:

Node.js versions 12+ are supported.

You can report bugs and discuss features on the GitHub issues page or send tweets to @kibertoad.

For support and questions, join our Gitter channel.

For knex-based Object Relational Mapper, see:

  • https://github.com/Vincit/objection.js
  • https://github.com/mikro-orm/mikro-orm
  • https://bookshelfjs.org

To see the SQL that Knex will generate for a given query, you can use Knex Query Lab

Examples

We have several examples on the website. Here is the first one to get you started:

const knex = require('knex')({
  client: 'sqlite3',
  connection: {
    filename: './data.db',
  },
});

try {
  // Create a table
  await knex.schema
    .createTable('users', (table) => {
      table.increments('id');
      table.string('user_name');
    })
    // ...and another
    .createTable('accounts', (table) => {
      table.increments('id');
      table.string('account_name');
      table.integer('user_id').unsigned().references('users.id');
    });

  // Then query the table...
  const insertedRows = await knex('users').insert({ user_name: 'Tim' });

  // ...and using the insert id, insert into the other table.
  await knex('accounts').insert({
    account_name: 'knex',
    user_id: insertedRows[0],
  });

  // Query both of the rows.
  const selectedRows = await knex('users')
    .join('accounts', 'users.id', 'accounts.user_id')
    .select('users.user_name as user', 'accounts.account_name as account');

  // map over the results
  const enrichedRows = selectedRows.map((row) => ({ ...row, active: true }));

  // Finally, add a catch statement
} catch (e) {
  console.error(e);
}

TypeScript example

import { Knex, knex } from 'knex';

interface User {
  id: number;
  age: number;
  name: string;
  active: boolean;
  departmentId: number;
}

const config: Knex.Config = {
  client: 'sqlite3',
  connection: {
    filename: './data.db',
  },
};

const knexInstance = knex(config);

try {
  const users = await knex<User>('users').select('id', 'age');
} catch (err) {
  // error handling
}

Usage as ESM module

If you are launching your Node application with --experimental-modules, knex.mjs should be picked up automatically and named ESM import should work out-of-the-box. Otherwise, if you want to use named imports, you'll have to import knex like this:

import { knex } from 'knex/knex.mjs';

You can also just do the default import:

import knex from 'knex';

If you are not using TypeScript and would like the IntelliSense of your IDE to work correctly, it is recommended to set the type explicitly:

/**
 * @type {Knex}
 */
const database = knex({
  client: 'mysql',
  connection: {
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    user: 'your_database_user',
    password: 'your_database_password',
    database: 'myapp_test',
  },
});
database.migrate.latest();
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