protractor is an end-to-end testing framework specifically designed for Angular and AngularJS applications. Built on top of WebDriverJS, it provides a robust solution for testing web applications by simulating user interactions in a real browser environment. Protractor is particularly well-suited for Angular applications due to its ability to understand Angular-specific elements and manage asynchronous operations seamlessly. However, there are several alternatives available for end-to-end testing that cater to different needs and frameworks. Here are a few notable options:

• nightwatch is an end-to-end testing framework that uses the Selenium WebDriver API to perform browser automation. It comes with a simple syntax and built-in support for writing tests in JavaScript, making it easy to set up and use. Nightwatch is suitable for testing both Angular and non-Angular applications, and its ability to run tests in parallel can significantly speed up the testing process. If you're looking for a versatile testing framework that can handle various types of web applications, Nightwatch is a solid choice.

• testcafe is another popular end-to-end testing framework that allows you to write tests in JavaScript or TypeScript. Unlike Protractor and Nightwatch, TestCafe does not rely on WebDriver, which makes it easier to set up and run tests across different browsers without additional configuration. TestCafe provides a rich set of features, including automatic waiting, parallel test execution, and built-in support for various testing environments. If you want a straightforward and efficient testing solution that works seamlessly across multiple browsers, TestCafe is worth considering.

• webdriverio is a powerful automation framework that allows you to write end-to-end tests for web applications using the WebDriver protocol. It supports a wide range of testing frameworks and libraries, making it highly customizable. WebdriverIO is known for its flexibility and extensive plugin ecosystem, allowing developers to tailor their testing setup to their specific needs. If you require a highly configurable testing framework that can integrate with various tools and libraries, WebdriverIO is an excellent option.

To see how Protractor compares with Nightwatch, TestCafe, and WebdriverIO, check out the comparison: Comparing nightwatch vs protractor vs testcafe vs webdriverio.