axios、got、isomorphic-fetch 和 node-fetch 都是 JavaScript 生态中流行的 HTTP 请求工具,但它们的定位和适用场景截然不同。axios 是通用的同构库,同时支持浏览器和 Node.js,以 Promise 为基础并提供自动 JSON 转换。got 专为 Node.js 设计,功能强大,支持流和分页。node-fetch 将浏览器的 Fetch API 引入 Node.js 环境。isomorphic-fetch 是一个 polyfill,旨在让旧环境支持 Fetch API,但在现代环境中已逐渐被原生 fetch 取代。
在 JavaScript 生态中,发送 HTTP 请求是几乎所有应用的基础需求。axios、got、node-fetch 和 isomorphic-fetch 代表了四种不同的解决方案。它们各有优劣,适用于不同的架构场景。本文将从环境兼容性、API 设计、拦截器机制及现代环境适配性等方面进行深度对比。
选择请求库的首要条件是看它能否在你的目标环境中运行。
axios 是同构库,同一份代码可直接运行在浏览器和 Node.js 中。
// axios: 浏览器和 Node 通用
import axios from 'axios';
const res = await axios.get('/api/data');
got 专为 Node.js 设计,无法直接在浏览器中使用。
// got: 仅 Node.js
import got from 'got';
const res = await got.get('/api/data').json();
node-fetch 是 Node.js 环境下的 Fetch API 实现。
fetch 语法。// node-fetch: 仅 Node.js
import fetch from 'node-fetch';
const res = await fetch('/api/data');
isomorphic-fetch 是一个 polyfill,用于在不支持 fetch 的环境中注入全局 fetch。
// isomorphic-fetch: polyfill 全局 fetch
import 'isomorphic-fetch';
const res = await fetch('/api/data');
API 的设计直接影响代码的可读性和维护成本。
axios 使用基于 Promise 的对象方法,自动转换 JSON。
res.data 中,无需手动解析。axios.post。// axios: 自动 JSON 解析
const response = await axios.post('/user', { name: 'Alice' });
console.log(response.data);
got 采用链式调用,明确区分响应体处理方式。
.json() 或 .text() 来获取内容。// got: 显式 JSON 解析
const response = await got.post('/user', { json: { name: 'Alice' } });
console.log(response.body);
node-fetch 完全遵循 WHATWG Fetch 标准。
.json() 方法解析。// node-fetch: 手动 JSON 解析
const response = await fetch('/user', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ name: 'Alice' }) });
const data = await response.json();
isomorphic-fetch 用法与 node-fetch 完全一致,因为它只是注入全局。
// isomorphic-fetch: 同原生 fetch
const response = await fetch('/user', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ name: 'Alice' }) });
const data = await response.json();
在处理认证、日志或错误统一处理时,拦截器非常重要。
axios 内置强大的请求和响应拦截器。
// axios: 内置拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
config.headers.Authorization = 'Bearer token';
return config;
});
got 支持插件系统和钩子(Hooks)。
// got: 钩子机制
const client = got.extend({
hooks: {
beforeRequest: [options => { options.headers.authorization = 'Bearer token'; }]
}
});
node-fetch 没有内置拦截器。
// node-fetch: 手动封装
async function fetchWithAuth(url) {
const res = await fetch(url, { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer token' } });
return res;
}
isomorphic-fetch 同样没有内置拦截器。
// isomorphic-fetch: 手动封装全局
const originalFetch = global.fetch;
global.fetch = (url, opts) => originalFetch(url, { ...opts, headers: { ... } });
网络请求失败时的处理方式决定了系统的健壮性。
axios 将 HTTP 错误状态(如 404, 500)视为 Promise 拒绝。
catch 块中处理所有错误。// axios: 统一捕获
try {
await axios.get('/api/fail');
} catch (error) {
console.log(error.response?.status);
}
got 默认也将 HTTP 错误视为拒绝,但可配置。
RequestError, HTTPError)。// got: 错误分类
try {
await got.get('/api/fail');
} catch (error) {
console.log(error.code);
}
node-fetch 默认不将 HTTP 错误状态视为 Promise 拒绝。
res.ok 或 res.status。// node-fetch: 手动检查状态
const res = await fetch('/api/fail');
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP error ${res.status}`);
isomorphic-fetch 行为与 node-fetch 一致,遵循 Fetch 标准。
// isomorphic-fetch: 手动检查状态
const res = await fetch('/api/fail');
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP error ${res.status}`);
随着 Node.js 18+ 正式支持全局 fetch,格局发生了变化。
axios 依然保持优势。
got 在 Node 服务端依然强劲。
node-fetch 逐渐过渡为兼容层。
isomorphic-fetch 已不再推荐用于新项目。
// 现代 Node.js (18+) 推荐直接使用全局 fetch
const res = await fetch('/api/data'); // 无需 import
| 特性 | axios | got | node-fetch | isomorphic-fetch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 运行环境 | 浏览器 + Node | 仅 Node | 仅 Node | 浏览器 + Node (Polyfill) |
| API 风格 | Promise 对象 | 链式调用 | 标准 Fetch | 标准 Fetch |
| JSON 处理 | 自动转换 | 手动 .json() | 手动 .json() | 手动 .json() |
| 拦截器 | 内置支持 | 钩子/插件 | 需手动封装 | 需手动封装 |
| 错误处理 | 自动 reject | 自动 reject | 需手动检查 | 需手动检查 |
| 维护状态 | 活跃 | 活跃 | 活跃 (v3 ESM) | 遗留/不再推荐 |
axios 是最稳妥的通用选择 🛡️。如果你的团队需要一套代码多处运行,或者依赖拦截器管理认证,它依然是首选。它的自动 JSON 转换能减少大量样板代码。
got 是 Node.js 后端的高级工具 🔧。当你需要处理流、复杂重试逻辑或高频服务端请求时,它的性能和控制力优于 axios。
node-fetch 是过渡期的标准实现 🌉。如果你的项目必须运行在 Node 18 以下且希望使用 fetch 语法,它是最佳选择。否则,建议直接升级到新版 Node 使用原生 fetch。
isomorphic-fetch 建议避免使用 ❌。除非你必须支持非常旧的环境且无法升级构建工具,否则现代项目应直接使用原生 fetch 或 axios。
核心结论:新项目优先考虑 原生 fetch (现代环境) 或 axios (需要拦截器/同构);纯 Node 高级场景选 got;避免在新项目中使用 isomorphic-fetch。
如果你仅在 Node.js 环境下开发,且需要高级功能如流式传输、自动重试、分页处理或更细粒度的控制,选择 got。它在 Node.js 服务端脚本、爬虫或后端微服务通信中表现优异。
如果你的项目需要同时运行在浏览器和 Node.js 中,且希望开箱即用的 JSON 处理和拦截器功能,选择 axios。它适合大多数通用场景,特别是需要请求/响应拦截、取消请求或旧浏览器支持的项目。
仅在需要为非常旧的浏览器或 Node.js 版本(低于 18)polyfill 全局 fetch 时考虑使用。对于现代新项目,建议直接使用原生 fetch 或 axios,因为该库已不再是首选方案。
如果你在 Node.js 环境中希望使用标准的 Fetch API 语法,但运行环境不支持全局 fetch(如 Node 16 及以下),选择 node-fetch。注意 v3 版本仅支持 ESM 模块,CommonJS 项目需使用 v2。
Sindre's open source work is supported by the community.
Special thanks to:
Human-friendly and powerful HTTP request library for Node.js
See how Got compares to other HTTP libraries
You probably want Ky instead, by the same people. It's smaller, works in the browser too, and is more stable since it's built on Fetch. Or fetch-extras for simple needs.
Support questions should be asked here.
npm install got
Warning: This package is native ESM and no longer provides a CommonJS export. If your project uses CommonJS, you will have to convert to ESM. Please don't open issues for questions regarding CommonJS / ESM.
Got v11 is no longer maintained and we will not accept any backport requests.
A quick start guide is available.
Got has a dedicated option for handling JSON payload.
Furthermore, the promise exposes a .json<T>() function that returns Promise<T>.
import got from 'got';
const {data} = await got.post('https://httpbin.org/anything', {
json: {
hello: 'world'
}
}).json();
console.log(data);
//=> {"hello": "world"}
For advanced JSON usage, check out the parseJson and stringifyJson options.
For more useful tips like this, visit the Tips page.
By default, Got will retry on failure. To disable this option, set options.retry.limit to 0.
got4aws - Got convenience wrapper to interact with AWS v4 signed APIsgh-got - Got convenience wrapper to interact with the GitHub APIgl-got - Got convenience wrapper to interact with the GitLab APIgotql - Got convenience wrapper to interact with GraphQL using JSON-parsed queries instead of stringsgot-fetch - Got with a fetch interfacegot-scraping - Got wrapper specifically designed for web scraping purposesgot-ssrf - Got wrapper to protect server-side requests against SSRF attacksgot | node-fetch | ky | axios | superagent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HTTP/2 support | :heavy_check_mark:¹ | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark:** |
| Browser support | :x: | :heavy_check_mark:* | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Promise API | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Stream API | :heavy_check_mark: | Node.js only | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Pagination API | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Request cancelation | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| RFC compliant caching | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Cookies (out-of-the-box) | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Follows redirects | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Retries on failure | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Progress events | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | Browser only | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Handles gzip/deflate | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Advanced timeouts | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Timings | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Errors with metadata | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: |
| JSON mode | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Custom defaults | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: |
| Composable | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Hooks | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: |
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| Coverage | TBD | ||||
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* It's almost API compatible with the browser fetch API.
** Need to switch the protocol manually. Doesn't accept PUSH streams and doesn't reuse HTTP/2 sessions.
¹ Requires Node.js 15.10.0 or above.
:sparkle: Almost-stable feature, but the API may change. Don't hesitate to try it out!
:grey_question: Feature in early stage of development. Very experimental.
Click here to see the install size of the Got dependencies.
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| Sindre Sorhus | Szymon Marczak |
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Segment is a happy user of Got! Got powers the main backend API that our app talks to. It's used by our in-house RPC client that we use to communicate with all microservices.
Antora, a static site generator for creating documentation sites, uses Got to download the UI bundle. In Antora, the UI bundle (aka theme) is maintained as a separate project. That project exports the UI as a zip file we call the UI bundle. The main site generator downloads that UI from a URL using Got and streams it to vinyl-zip to extract the files. Those files go on to be used to create the HTML pages and supporting assets.
GetVoIP is happily using Got in production. One of the unique capabilities of Got is the ability to handle Unix sockets which enables us to build a full control interfaces for our docker stack.
We're using Got inside of Exoframe to handle all the communication between CLI and server. Exoframe is a self-hosted tool that allows simple one-command deployments using Docker.
Karaoke Mugen uses Got to fetch content updates from its online server.
Renovate uses Got, gh-got and gl-got to send millions of queries per day to GitHub, GitLab, npmjs, PyPi, Packagist, Docker Hub, Terraform, CircleCI, and more.
Resistbot uses Got to communicate from the API frontend where all correspondence ingresses to the officials lookup database in back.
Natural Cycles is using Got to communicate with all kinds of 3rd-party REST APIs (over 9000!).
Microlink is a cloud browser as an API service that uses Got widely as the main HTTP client, serving ~22M requests a month, every time a network call needs to be performed.
We’re using Got at Radity. Thanks for such an amazing work!