redux vs zustand vs mobx vs jotai vs recoil
State Management Libraries in Web Development Comparison
1 Year
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What's State Management Libraries in Web Development?

State management libraries in web development are tools that help manage the state of an application, ensuring that data is stored and updated efficiently across different components. These libraries provide a centralized way to handle application state, making it easier to maintain and update data throughout the application. They offer various features such as immutability, reactivity, and scalability to improve the performance and reliability of web applications.

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redux11,562,34161,094290 kB39a year agoMIT
zustand5,885,56350,67989.2 kB72 months agoMIT
mobx1,818,71527,7514.33 MB67a month agoMIT
jotai1,342,77019,551497 kB416 days agoMIT
recoil546,61619,6372.21 MB3242 years agoMIT
Feature Comparison: redux vs zustand vs mobx vs jotai vs recoil

Immutability

  • redux:

    Redux enforces immutability by requiring state updates to be performed through pure functions called reducers. By following a strict immutability pattern, Redux ensures that state changes are predictable and traceable throughout the application.

  • zustand:

    Zustand supports immutability through its use of React hooks to manage state updates. By leveraging the useState hook, Zustand ensures that state changes are handled immutably and efficiently in React components.

  • mobx:

    MobX supports immutability through observable data structures that automatically track changes and trigger re-renders in components. By using observable data, MobX ensures that state updates are handled immutably and efficiently.

  • jotai:

    Jotai promotes immutability by encouraging the use of immutable data structures to update state. This helps prevent unintended side effects and ensures that state changes are handled in a predictable manner.

  • recoil:

    Recoil emphasizes immutability by providing tools like selectors and atom families to manage state updates in a predictable and immutable way. Recoil's state management model ensures that data changes are handled safely and consistently.

Reactivity

  • redux:

    Redux offers reactivity through its unidirectional data flow architecture, where components subscribe to specific parts of the state tree. When state changes occur, Redux triggers updates in subscribed components, ensuring reactive UI updates.

  • zustand:

    Zustand enables reactivity by using React hooks to manage state updates and trigger re-renders in components. By leveraging the useState hook, Zustand ensures that components update reactively based on changes in the underlying state.

  • mobx:

    MobX provides reactivity through observable data structures that automatically track dependencies and update components when relevant data changes. This reactive model allows for efficient and automatic UI updates based on state changes.

  • jotai:

    Jotai offers reactivity by using React's context API to trigger re-renders in components when state changes. This reactive approach ensures that components update automatically when the underlying state is modified.

  • recoil:

    Recoil supports reactivity by utilizing selectors and atom families to manage state dependencies and trigger re-renders in components. By tracking state dependencies, Recoil ensures that components update reactively when state changes.

Scalability

  • redux:

    Redux is scalable for applications of any size, from small to enterprise-level projects. With its single source of truth and predictable state container, Redux can handle complex data flow and scale effectively in applications with extensive state management requirements.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is scalable for small to medium-sized applications that prioritize simplicity and performance. While it may not offer advanced features for managing complex state dependencies, Zustand is efficient and lightweight, making it suitable for projects with straightforward state management needs.

  • mobx:

    MobX is scalable for large and complex applications that demand efficient state management and reactivity. With its support for observable data structures, MobX can handle dynamic data requirements and scale effectively in performance-critical applications.

  • jotai:

    Jotai is scalable for small to medium-sized applications that require a lightweight state management solution. While it may not offer advanced features for complex data dependencies, Jotai is suitable for projects with simpler state management needs.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is scalable for large-scale applications with advanced state management requirements. By providing tools like atom families and selectors, Recoil can manage complex data dependencies and optimize performance in applications with diverse state needs.

Developer Experience

  • redux:

    Redux offers a comprehensive developer experience with its predictable state container and middleware ecosystem. Developers benefit from a structured approach to state management, along with powerful dev tools for debugging and monitoring application state.

  • zustand:

    Zustand prioritizes developer experience by offering a lightweight and fast state management solution with a minimal API. Developers can easily create and update stateful data using React hooks, making Zustand ideal for projects that value simplicity and performance.

  • mobx:

    MobX offers a flexible and powerful developer experience with its reactive programming model and observable data structures. Developers can create and manage state in a dynamic and efficient way, allowing for quick iterations and updates in complex applications.

  • jotai:

    Jotai provides a simple and intuitive developer experience by leveraging React's context API for state management. With its minimalistic approach, Jotai offers a straightforward way to handle state in React components, making it easy for developers to get started.

  • recoil:

    Recoil enhances the developer experience by providing advanced tools like atom families and selectors for managing state in React applications. With Recoil's focus on performance optimization and data flow control, developers can efficiently handle state dependencies and updates.

Community Support

  • redux:

    Redux has a large and established community of developers who have created a vast ecosystem of middleware, tools, and extensions for the library. With extensive documentation and community forums, Redux offers strong community support for developers at all levels.

  • zustand:

    Zustand has a growing community of developers who appreciate the library's simplicity and performance. While it may not have as large a community as other libraries, Zustand is actively maintained and welcomes feedback and contributions from users.

  • mobx:

    MobX has a strong and active community of developers who contribute to the library's growth and development. With a wealth of resources, tutorials, and extensions available, MobX offers robust community support for developers using the library.

  • jotai:

    Jotai is a relatively new library with a growing community of developers. While it may not have the same level of community support as more established libraries, Jotai is actively maintained and welcomes contributions from the community.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is backed by Facebook and has a dedicated team of developers working on the library. With the support of a major tech company, Recoil benefits from ongoing updates, documentation, and community engagement to help developers succeed.

How to Choose: redux vs zustand vs mobx vs jotai vs recoil
  • redux:

    Choose Redux if you prefer a predictable state container with a single source of truth. Redux is widely used in the industry and offers a robust ecosystem of middleware and dev tools for debugging and monitoring application state. It is suitable for applications with complex data flow and state management requirements.

  • zustand:

    Choose Zustand if you want a lightweight and fast state management library with a focus on simplicity and performance. Zustand uses React hooks to manage state and provides a minimal API for creating and updating stateful data. It is ideal for small to medium-sized applications that prioritize speed and efficiency.

  • mobx:

    Choose MobX if you need a powerful and flexible state management library that offers reactive programming capabilities. MobX allows you to create observable data structures that automatically update components when the underlying data changes. It is suitable for complex applications with dynamic data requirements.

  • jotai:

    Choose Jotai if you prefer a simple and lightweight state management solution that leverages React's built-in context API. Jotai is designed to be minimalistic and easy to use, making it ideal for small to medium-sized applications that require a straightforward state management approach.

  • recoil:

    Choose Recoil if you are working with large-scale applications that require advanced features like atom families, selectors, and asynchronous state management. Recoil is designed for managing complex state dependencies and provides tools for optimizing performance and data flow in React applications.

README for redux

Redux Logo

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger.

You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. The Redux core is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), and has a rich ecosystem of addons.

Redux Toolkit is our official recommended approach for writing Redux logic. It wraps around the Redux core, and contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.

GitHub Workflow Status npm version npm downloads redux channel on discord

Installation

Create a React Redux App

The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux Toolkit is by using our official Redux Toolkit + TS template for Vite, or by creating a new Next.js project using Next's with-redux template.

Both of these already have Redux Toolkit and React-Redux configured appropriately for that build tool, and come with a small example app that demonstrates how to use several of Redux Toolkit's features.

# Vite with our Redux+TS template
# (using the `degit` tool to clone and extract the template)
npx degit reduxjs/redux-templates/packages/vite-template-redux my-app

# Next.js using the `with-redux` template
npx create-next-app --example with-redux my-app

We do not currently have official React Native templates, but recommend these templates for standard React Native and for Expo:

  • https://github.com/rahsheen/react-native-template-redux-typescript
  • https://github.com/rahsheen/expo-template-redux-typescript
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

For the Redux core library by itself:

npm install redux

For more details, see the Installation docs page.

Documentation

The Redux core docs are located at https://redux.js.org, and include the full Redux tutorials, as well usage guides on general Redux patterns:

The Redux Toolkit docs are available at https://redux-toolkit.js.org, including API references and usage guides for all of the APIs included in Redux Toolkit.

Learn Redux

Redux Essentials Tutorial

The Redux Essentials tutorial is a "top-down" tutorial that teaches "how to use Redux the right way", using our latest recommended APIs and best practices. We recommend starting there.

Redux Fundamentals Tutorial

The Redux Fundamentals tutorial is a "bottom-up" tutorial that teaches "how Redux works" from first principles and without any abstractions, and why standard Redux usage patterns exist.

Help and Discussion

The #redux channel of the Reactiflux Discord community is our official resource for all questions related to learning and using Redux. Reactiflux is a great place to hang out, ask questions, and learn - please come and join us there!

Before Proceeding Further

Redux is a valuable tool for organizing your state, but you should also consider whether it's appropriate for your situation. Please don't use Redux just because someone said you should - instead, please take some time to understand the potential benefits and tradeoffs of using it.

Here are some suggestions on when it makes sense to use Redux:

  • You have reasonable amounts of data changing over time
  • You need a single source of truth for your state
  • You find that keeping all your state in a top-level component is no longer sufficient

Yes, these guidelines are subjective and vague, but this is for a good reason. The point at which you should integrate Redux into your application is different for every user and different for every application.

For more thoughts on how Redux is meant to be used, please see:

Basic Example

The whole global state of your app is stored in an object tree inside a single store. The only way to change the state tree is to create an action, an object describing what happened, and dispatch it to the store. To specify how state gets updated in response to an action, you write pure reducer functions that calculate a new state based on the old state and the action.

Redux Toolkit simplifies the process of writing Redux logic and setting up the store. With Redux Toolkit, the basic app logic looks like:

import { createSlice, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: {
    value: 0
  },
  reducers: {
    incremented: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1
    },
    decremented: state => {
      state.value -= 1
    }
  }
})

export const { incremented, decremented } = counterSlice.actions

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: counterSlice.reducer
})

// Can still subscribe to the store
store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState()))

// Still pass action objects to `dispatch`, but they're created for us
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 1}
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 2}
store.dispatch(decremented())
// {value: 1}

Redux Toolkit allows us to write shorter logic that's easier to read, while still following the original core Redux behavior and data flow.

Logo

You can find the official logo on GitHub.

Change Log

This project adheres to Semantic Versioning. Every release, along with the migration instructions, is documented on the GitHub Releases page.

License

MIT