redux vs mobx vs recoil vs effector-react
State Management Libraries for React Comparison
1 Year
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What's State Management Libraries for React?

State management libraries are essential tools in modern web development, particularly for applications built with React. They provide a structured way to manage the state of an application, ensuring that data flows efficiently and predictably. Each library has its unique approach to state management, catering to different use cases and developer preferences. Understanding the nuances of these libraries can significantly impact the maintainability, scalability, and performance of your application.

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redux11,974,13661,190290 kB43a year agoMIT
mobx1,765,90027,8774.33 MB662 months agoMIT
recoil474,33119,6112.21 MB3242 years agoMIT
effector-react24,2154,706330 kB1505 months agoMIT
Feature Comparison: redux vs mobx vs recoil vs effector-react

State Management Paradigm

  • redux:

    Redux follows a unidirectional data flow and relies on a centralized store to manage application state. Actions and reducers are used to describe and handle state changes, making the flow of data predictable and easier to debug.

  • mobx:

    MobX employs a reactive programming model where state is automatically tracked and updates are propagated to the UI. This allows for a more straightforward and intuitive way to manage state, as changes in observables automatically trigger UI updates without manual intervention.

  • recoil:

    Recoil introduces a unique atom and selector model for state management, allowing for fine-grained control over state dependencies. Atoms represent pieces of state, while selectors derive state based on atoms, enabling efficient updates and reactivity within React components.

  • effector-react:

    Effector uses a functional reactive programming paradigm, allowing developers to define state and its changes in a highly composable manner. This approach promotes a clear separation of concerns and enables efficient updates without unnecessary re-renders.

Boilerplate Code

  • redux:

    Redux is often criticized for its boilerplate code, as it requires defining actions, reducers, and a store. While this structure provides clarity and predictability, it can lead to verbose code, especially in larger applications.

  • mobx:

    MobX significantly reduces boilerplate compared to traditional state management solutions. With decorators and observable properties, developers can easily define state without the need for extensive configuration or setup.

  • recoil:

    Recoil introduces a minimal amount of boilerplate, focusing on the use of atoms and selectors to manage state. This simplicity allows for quick setup and integration into existing React applications without overwhelming complexity.

  • effector-react:

    Effector is designed to minimize boilerplate code, allowing developers to define state and effects with less overhead. This results in cleaner and more maintainable code, making it easier to manage complex state interactions.

Learning Curve

  • redux:

    Redux has a steeper learning curve due to its concepts of actions, reducers, and middleware. While powerful, it may require more time for developers to fully understand its architecture and best practices.

  • mobx:

    MobX is relatively easy to learn, especially for those familiar with JavaScript and React. Its intuitive reactive model allows developers to quickly grasp how state changes affect the UI without extensive prior knowledge.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is designed to be easy to adopt for React developers, leveraging familiar concepts like hooks and context. Its API is straightforward, making it accessible for those already experienced with React.

  • effector-react:

    Effector has a moderate learning curve, particularly for developers unfamiliar with functional reactive programming concepts. However, its clear API and documentation help ease the onboarding process.

Performance

  • redux:

    Redux can face performance challenges in large applications due to its reliance on a single store and the potential for excessive re-renders. However, techniques like memoization and selective rendering can mitigate these issues.

  • mobx:

    MobX excels in performance by automatically tracking dependencies and only re-rendering components that rely on changed observables. This results in efficient updates and a responsive UI, even with complex state structures.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is built with performance in mind, enabling efficient state updates and minimizing re-renders through its atom and selector model. This ensures that only components affected by state changes are updated, enhancing overall performance.

  • effector-react:

    Effector is optimized for performance, allowing for fine-grained updates that prevent unnecessary re-renders. Its design focuses on efficiency, making it suitable for applications with high-frequency state changes.

Ecosystem and Community

  • redux:

    Redux boasts a large ecosystem with numerous middleware, extensions, and community support. Its widespread adoption means that developers can easily find resources, tutorials, and libraries to enhance their projects.

  • mobx:

    MobX has a strong community and a variety of plugins and tools that enhance its functionality. Its popularity in the React ecosystem ensures that developers can find resources and support easily.

  • recoil:

    Recoil, being developed by Facebook, benefits from a robust backing and an active community. Its integration with React's concurrent features positions it well for future growth and support.

  • effector-react:

    Effector has a growing ecosystem with a supportive community, but it is smaller compared to more established libraries. Its documentation is comprehensive, helping developers navigate its features effectively.

How to Choose: redux vs mobx vs recoil vs effector-react
  • redux:

    Choose Redux for its predictable state container and robust ecosystem. It is best for larger applications that require a clear structure and maintainability, especially when dealing with complex state logic and side effects.

  • mobx:

    Opt for MobX if you prefer a reactive programming model that allows for automatic updates of the UI based on observable state changes. It is ideal for applications that benefit from simplicity and a more intuitive approach to state management, especially when dealing with complex data structures.

  • recoil:

    Select Recoil if you are looking for a state management library that integrates seamlessly with React's concurrent features and hooks. It is well-suited for applications that require fine-grained state management and want to leverage React's built-in capabilities for managing state and effects.

  • effector-react:

    Choose Effector if you need a highly efficient and flexible state management solution that emphasizes performance and minimal boilerplate. It is particularly suitable for applications with complex state interactions and requires fine-grained control over state updates.

README for redux

Redux Logo

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger.

You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. The Redux core is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), and has a rich ecosystem of addons.

Redux Toolkit is our official recommended approach for writing Redux logic. It wraps around the Redux core, and contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.

GitHub Workflow Status npm version npm downloads redux channel on discord

Installation

Create a React Redux App

The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux Toolkit is by using our official Redux Toolkit + TS template for Vite, or by creating a new Next.js project using Next's with-redux template.

Both of these already have Redux Toolkit and React-Redux configured appropriately for that build tool, and come with a small example app that demonstrates how to use several of Redux Toolkit's features.

# Vite with our Redux+TS template
# (using the `degit` tool to clone and extract the template)
npx degit reduxjs/redux-templates/packages/vite-template-redux my-app

# Next.js using the `with-redux` template
npx create-next-app --example with-redux my-app

We do not currently have official React Native templates, but recommend these templates for standard React Native and for Expo:

  • https://github.com/rahsheen/react-native-template-redux-typescript
  • https://github.com/rahsheen/expo-template-redux-typescript
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

For the Redux core library by itself:

npm install redux

For more details, see the Installation docs page.

Documentation

The Redux core docs are located at https://redux.js.org, and include the full Redux tutorials, as well usage guides on general Redux patterns:

The Redux Toolkit docs are available at https://redux-toolkit.js.org, including API references and usage guides for all of the APIs included in Redux Toolkit.

Learn Redux

Redux Essentials Tutorial

The Redux Essentials tutorial is a "top-down" tutorial that teaches "how to use Redux the right way", using our latest recommended APIs and best practices. We recommend starting there.

Redux Fundamentals Tutorial

The Redux Fundamentals tutorial is a "bottom-up" tutorial that teaches "how Redux works" from first principles and without any abstractions, and why standard Redux usage patterns exist.

Help and Discussion

The #redux channel of the Reactiflux Discord community is our official resource for all questions related to learning and using Redux. Reactiflux is a great place to hang out, ask questions, and learn - please come and join us there!

Before Proceeding Further

Redux is a valuable tool for organizing your state, but you should also consider whether it's appropriate for your situation. Please don't use Redux just because someone said you should - instead, please take some time to understand the potential benefits and tradeoffs of using it.

Here are some suggestions on when it makes sense to use Redux:

  • You have reasonable amounts of data changing over time
  • You need a single source of truth for your state
  • You find that keeping all your state in a top-level component is no longer sufficient

Yes, these guidelines are subjective and vague, but this is for a good reason. The point at which you should integrate Redux into your application is different for every user and different for every application.

For more thoughts on how Redux is meant to be used, please see:

Basic Example

The whole global state of your app is stored in an object tree inside a single store. The only way to change the state tree is to create an action, an object describing what happened, and dispatch it to the store. To specify how state gets updated in response to an action, you write pure reducer functions that calculate a new state based on the old state and the action.

Redux Toolkit simplifies the process of writing Redux logic and setting up the store. With Redux Toolkit, the basic app logic looks like:

import { createSlice, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: {
    value: 0
  },
  reducers: {
    incremented: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1
    },
    decremented: state => {
      state.value -= 1
    }
  }
})

export const { incremented, decremented } = counterSlice.actions

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: counterSlice.reducer
})

// Can still subscribe to the store
store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState()))

// Still pass action objects to `dispatch`, but they're created for us
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 1}
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 2}
store.dispatch(decremented())
// {value: 1}

Redux Toolkit allows us to write shorter logic that's easier to read, while still following the original core Redux behavior and data flow.

Logo

You can find the official logo on GitHub.

Change Log

This project adheres to Semantic Versioning. Every release, along with the migration instructions, is documented on the GitHub Releases page.

License

MIT