@reduxjs/toolkit vs jotai vs mobx vs recoil vs valtio vs xstate vs zustand
State Management Solutions for Modern React Applications
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State Management Solutions for Modern React Applications

@reduxjs/toolkit, jotai, mobx, recoil, valtio, xstate, and zustand are all libraries designed to manage application state in JavaScript applications, particularly React. They address the limitations of React's built-in useState/useReducer by offering scalable, predictable, or reactive patterns for sharing and updating state across components. While Redux Toolkit provides a structured, centralized store with immutability guarantees, libraries like Zustand and Jotai offer simpler, hook-based APIs with minimal boilerplate. MobX and Valtio use proxy-based reactivity for mutable-like syntax, Recoil introduces atom-based state graphs with selectors, and XState models state as explicit finite state machines for complex workflows.

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@reduxjs/toolkit011,1887.04 MB2613 months agoMIT
jotai021,063519 kB69 days agoMIT
mobx028,1834.35 MB806 months agoMIT
recoil019,5202.21 MB3223 years agoMIT
valtio010,147101 kB416 days agoMIT
xstate029,3382.25 MB152a month agoMIT
zustand057,45995 kB43 days agoMIT

State Management Deep Dive: Redux Toolkit vs Jotai vs MobX vs Recoil vs Valtio vs XState vs Zustand

Managing state in React apps goes beyond useState. When components need to share data, avoid prop drilling, or handle side effects predictably, dedicated state libraries become essential. The seven packages compared here represent distinct philosophies: from Redux’s disciplined immutability to XState’s formal state machines. Let’s explore how they solve real problems.

🧠 Core Mental Models: How Each Library Thinks About State

@reduxjs/toolkit treats state as a single, immutable tree updated by pure reducer functions. Changes happen via dispatched actions, enabling time-travel debugging and middleware.

// Redux Toolkit slice
import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: { value: 0 },
  reducers: {
    increment: (state) => {
      state.value += 1; // Immer enables "mutable" syntax
    }
  }
});

export const { increment } = counterSlice.actions;
export default counterSlice.reducer;

jotai models state as independent atoms that can be read, written, or derived. Atoms compose like React hooks, avoiding global context.

// Jotai atom
import { atom } from 'jotai';

const countAtom = atom(0);
const doubledCountAtom = atom((get) => get(countAtom) * 2);

// In component
const [count, setCount] = useAtom(countAtom);

mobx wraps state in observable objects. Components using observer automatically re-render when observed values change.

// MobX store
import { makeAutoObservable } from 'mobx';

class CounterStore {
  count = 0;
  constructor() {
    makeAutoObservable(this);
  }
  increment() {
    this.count++;
  }
}

const store = new CounterStore();

// In component
const Counter = observer(() => <div>{store.count}</div>);

recoil uses atoms (shared state units) and selectors (derived state). Components subscribe only to atoms they use.

// Recoil atom
import { atom, selector, useRecoilState, useRecoilValue } from 'recoil';

const countState = atom({ key: 'count', default: 0 });
const doubledCountState = selector({
  key: 'doubledCount',
  get: ({ get }) => get(countState) * 2
});

// In component
const [count, setCount] = useRecoilState(countState);
const doubled = useRecoilValue(doubledCountState);

valtio creates a proxy-wrapped state object. You mutate it directly, and components using useSnapshot re-render on changes.

// Valtio state
import { proxy, useSnapshot } from 'valtio';

const state = proxy({ count: 0 });

// In component
const snap = useSnapshot(state);
// Mutate anywhere: state.count++

xstate defines state as a finite state machine with explicit states and transitions. Guards and actions control behavior.

// XState machine
import { createMachine } from 'xstate';

const toggleMachine = createMachine({
  id: 'toggle',
  initial: 'inactive',
  states: {
    inactive: { on: { TOGGLE: 'active' } },
    active: { on: { TOGGLE: 'inactive' } }
  }
});

// In component
const [state, send] = useMachine(toggleMachine);

zustand provides a hook-based store. You define state and actions in one function, and components subscribe selectively.

// Zustand store
import { create } from 'zustand';

const useStore = create((set) => ({
  count: 0,
  increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 }))
}));

// In component
const { count, increment } = useStore();

🔌 Integration with React: Hooks, Context, and Re-renders

All libraries integrate via React hooks, but their re-render strategies differ:

  • Redux Toolkit: Requires Provider + useSelector. Re-renders occur when selected state changes (shallow equality).
  • Jotai: No Provider needed. Only components using an atom re-render when it updates.
  • MobX: Uses observer HOC or useObserver hook. Tracks which observables a component reads.
  • Recoil: Needs RecoilRoot Provider. Fine-grained subscriptions prevent unnecessary renders.
  • Valtio: Uses useSnapshot hook. Creates a frozen snapshot; mutations trigger re-renders only for changed paths.
  • XState: useMachine hook returns current state and send function. Re-renders on state transitions.
  • Zustand: No Provider. Components re-render when any part of the store changes unless you use subscribeWithSelector middleware for granular updates.

🔄 Async Logic: Handling Side Effects

Redux Toolkit uses createAsyncThunk for standardized async flows:

const fetchUser = createAsyncThunk('user/fetch', async (id) => {
  const res = await api.getUser(id);
  return res.data;
});

Jotai handles async in write atoms or via useEffect:

const fetchUserAtom = atom(null, async (_get, set, id) => {
  const user = await api.getUser(id);
  set(userAtom, user);
});

MobX encourages async in store methods:

class UserStore {
  async fetchUser(id) {
    this.user = await api.getUser(id);
  }
}

Recoil uses selectorFamily with async or useRecoilCallback:

const userQuery = selectorFamily({
  key: 'userQuery',
  get: (id) => async () => {
    const res = await api.getUser(id);
    return res.data;
  }
});

Valtio allows direct async mutations:

const fetchUser = async (id) => {
  state.user = await api.getUser(id);
};

XState embeds async in service actions:

states: {
  loading: {
    invoke: {
      src: 'fetchUser',
      onDone: { target: 'success', actions: 'assignUser' }
    }
  }
}

Zustand handles async in actions:

const useStore = create((set) => ({
  fetchUser: async (id) => {
    const user = await api.getUser(id);
    set({ user });
  }
}));

🧪 Testing and Debugging

  • Redux Toolkit: Excellent devtools support (time-travel, action history). Reducers are pure functions—easy to unit test.
  • Jotai: Devtools available via jotai/devtools. Atoms are testable in isolation.
  • MobX: Devtools extension shows observable changes. Testing requires mocking or snapshotting observable state.
  • Recoil: Built-in devtools for atom inspection. Selectors are pure—easy to test.
  • Valtio: Limited devtools; relies on console logging. Snapshots simplify testing.
  • XState: Visualizer tool generates state diagrams. Machines are deterministic—highly testable.
  • Zustand: Basic devtools middleware. Stores are plain objects—simple to mock.

📦 Bundle Size and Performance

While exact numbers vary, the general trade-offs are:

  • Lightest: Zustand, Valtio, Jotai (under 5KB minified)
  • Moderate: MobX, Recoil
  • Heaviest: Redux Toolkit (includes Immer, Redux core), XState (full statechart engine)

Performance-wise, all avoid unnecessary re-renders through memoization or fine-grained subscriptions—except basic Zustand usage, which may require middleware for optimization.

🚫 Deprecated or Uncertain Futures?

As of 2024:

  • Recoil is in maintenance mode. Meta recommends exploring React Server Components instead for new projects, though it remains stable.
  • All others are actively maintained with regular releases.

🤝 Shared Strengths Across Libraries

Despite differences, these libraries share common goals:

1. 🧩 Avoid Prop Drilling

All enable cross-component state access without manual prop passing.

// Instead of <Child count={count} setCount={setCount} />
// Use any library's hook directly in Child

2. 🔄 Predictable Updates

Each enforces a clear update mechanism (actions, mutations, transitions) to prevent chaotic state changes.

3. ⚡ Performance Optimizations

Memoization, selective subscriptions, or proxy-based reactivity minimize wasted renders.

4. 🧪 Testability

State logic is extractable from components, enabling unit tests without DOM rendering.

5. 🔌 Middleware/Extensibility

Most support plugins for persistence, logging, or devtools (e.g., Redux middleware, Zustand middleware).

📊 Summary Table

LibraryState ModelBoilerplateLearning CurveBest For
@reduxjs/toolkitCentralized, immutableMediumMediumLarge apps, teams needing strict contracts
jotaiAtomic, composableLowLowApps wanting React-like simplicity with scalability
mobxObservable objectsLowMediumObject-oriented domains, mutable preferences
recoilAtoms + selectorsMediumMediumData-heavy UIs (if accepting maintenance status)
valtioProxy-mutableVery LowLowRapid prototyping, direct mutation fans
xstateState machinesHighHighComplex workflows with strict state rules
zustandHook-based storeVery LowLowSmall/medium apps avoiding context/providers

💡 Final Guidance

  • Start simple: For most new apps, try Zustand or Jotai first—they offer the best balance of power and simplicity.
  • Need structure? Choose Redux Toolkit if your team values explicit contracts and debugging superpowers.
  • Modeling workflows? XState prevents bugs in complex UI logic but requires upfront design.
  • Prefer mutation? MobX or Valtio let you write intuitive code while staying reactive.
  • Avoid Recoil for new greenfield projects given its maintenance status—unless you’re already invested.

The right choice depends less on features and more on your team’s mental model, app complexity, and tolerance for boilerplate. All these libraries solve real problems—pick the one that feels least like friction for your workflow.

How to Choose: @reduxjs/toolkit vs jotai vs mobx vs recoil vs valtio vs xstate vs zustand

  • @reduxjs/toolkit:

    Choose @reduxjs/toolkit if you need a battle-tested, centralized state architecture with strong devtools support, middleware ecosystem (like Redux Thunk or Saga), and strict immutability. It’s ideal for large teams requiring predictable state transitions, time-travel debugging, or integration with existing Redux patterns — though it comes with more boilerplate than newer alternatives.

  • jotai:

    Choose jotai if you prefer a minimal, atomic state model that composes well with React’s concurrent features and avoids global context bottlenecks. Its atom-based design scales from simple local state to complex derived computations without wrapper components, making it great for medium-sized apps where you want React-like ergonomics with better performance than Context API.

  • mobx:

    Choose mobx if you favor writing mutable-style code that automatically tracks dependencies and re-renders only affected components. It excels in apps with highly dynamic, object-oriented domain models where imperative updates feel natural — but requires careful attention to observer boundaries and may obscure data flow for newcomers.

  • recoil:

    Choose recoil if you want fine-grained reactivity with atoms and selectors that integrate deeply with React’s rendering lifecycle. It’s well-suited for data-heavy UIs (like dashboards) where components subscribe to specific slices of state, though its future is uncertain as Meta has shifted focus to React Server Components.

  • valtio:

    Choose valtio if you like working with plain JavaScript objects but still want automatic reactivity and minimal setup. It uses Proxies to make mutable-looking code reactive, offering a middle ground between Redux’s immutability and MobX’s observables — ideal for rapid prototyping or teams comfortable with direct object mutation.

  • xstate:

    Choose xstate when your UI logic involves complex, well-defined workflows with discrete states and transitions (e.g., multi-step forms, wizards, or device control panels). Its visualizable statecharts prevent invalid states and race conditions, but introduce a steeper learning curve for teams unfamiliar with formal state machine concepts.

  • zustand:

    Choose zustand if you want a lightweight, hook-centric store with zero boilerplate and no context providers. It’s perfect for small-to-medium apps needing shared state without Redux’s ceremony, and supports async actions, middleware, and partial subscriptions out of the box — though it lacks built-in devtools integration.

Similar Npm Packages to @reduxjs/toolkit

@reduxjs/toolkit is the official, recommended way to write Redux logic. It provides a set of tools and best practices to simplify the process of managing state in React applications. With features like a powerful store configuration, built-in middleware, and a concise API for creating reducers and actions, Redux Toolkit helps developers avoid common pitfalls associated with Redux, making state management more efficient and less error-prone. However, there are several alternatives to Redux Toolkit that cater to different needs and preferences in state management:

  • effector is a reactive state management library that focuses on a functional approach. It allows developers to manage state in a predictable manner while providing powerful capabilities for handling side effects and asynchronous operations. Effector is particularly well-suited for applications that require fine-grained control over state changes and event handling, making it a great alternative for those looking for a more functional and reactive approach to state management.

  • mobx is a state management library that leverages observable state and reactive programming principles. It allows developers to manage application state in a more intuitive way by automatically tracking dependencies and updating components when the state changes. MobX is particularly useful for applications with complex state interactions and can lead to simpler and more maintainable code compared to traditional state management solutions.

  • react-query is a data-fetching library that simplifies the management of server state in React applications. While not a direct replacement for Redux Toolkit, it provides powerful tools for fetching, caching, and synchronizing data from APIs. React Query is ideal for applications that rely heavily on remote data, as it abstracts away much of the complexity involved in managing server state.

  • recoil is a state management library developed by Facebook that provides a more flexible and scalable approach to managing state in React applications. It introduces concepts like atoms and selectors, allowing developers to manage both local and global state with ease. Recoil is particularly beneficial for applications that require complex state relationships and derived state.

  • redux is the original state management library for React applications. While Redux Toolkit simplifies the use of Redux, some developers may still prefer the traditional Redux approach for its explicitness and control. Redux is well-suited for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can be more verbose and require more boilerplate code than some alternatives.

  • xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage application state. It provides a powerful way to model complex state transitions and side effects, making it ideal for applications with intricate state logic. XState is particularly useful for applications that require a clear and visual representation of state transitions.

  • zustand is a minimalistic state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state without the boilerplate often associated with Redux. Zustand is a great choice for small to medium-sized applications where simplicity and speed of development are priorities.

To compare these packages further, visit: Comparing @reduxjs/toolkit vs effector vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs xstate vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to jotai

jotai is a state management library for React applications that emphasizes simplicity and minimalism. It allows developers to manage state using atoms, which are units of state that can be read from and written to. Jotai's API is designed to be intuitive, making it easy to integrate into existing React applications. Its focus on atomic state management allows for fine-grained updates, leading to better performance and easier debugging.

While jotai is a powerful option, there are several alternatives in the React ecosystem that cater to different state management needs:

  • mobx is a reactive state management library that allows developers to manage application state in a more declarative manner. It uses observable state and automatically tracks dependencies, making it easy to create responsive UIs. MobX is particularly well-suited for applications with complex state interactions and is known for its simplicity and performance.

  • react-query is a library designed for managing server state in React applications. It simplifies data fetching, caching, and synchronization, allowing developers to focus on building their applications without worrying about the complexities of data management. React Query is ideal for applications that rely heavily on remote data and require features like background updates and caching.

  • recoil provides a flexible state management solution that works seamlessly with React's concurrent features. It allows developers to manage both local and global state using atoms and selectors, making it a great choice for applications with complex state dependencies. Recoil is particularly useful for medium to large-scale applications that require a scalable state management solution.

  • redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is well-suited for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce boilerplate code and complexity.

  • valtio is a proxy-based state management library that allows developers to manage state in a more straightforward and less verbose manner. It provides a simple API and enables automatic reactivity without the need for additional boilerplate code. Valtio is a good choice for developers looking for a lightweight and easy-to-use state management solution.

  • xstate is a state management library based on finite state machines and statecharts. It provides a powerful way to model complex state transitions and side effects, making it ideal for applications with intricate workflows. XState is particularly useful for applications that require clear state management and predictable behavior.

  • zustand is a minimalistic state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state without the overhead of additional boilerplate. Zustand is suitable for small to medium-sized applications where ease of use and speed of development are priorities.

To explore how jotai compares with these alternatives, check out the comparison: Comparing jotai vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs valtio vs xstate vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to mobx

mobx is a powerful state management library for JavaScript applications, particularly popular in the React ecosystem. It enables developers to manage application state in a reactive manner, allowing for automatic updates to the UI when the underlying state changes. MobX uses observable state and reactions, making it easy to create complex applications with minimal boilerplate code. Its simplicity and performance make it a great choice for applications that require a responsive and dynamic user interface. However, there are several alternatives to MobX that also provide effective state management solutions:

  • immer is a library that allows developers to work with immutable state in a more convenient way. It enables you to write code that appears to mutate state directly, while it actually produces a new immutable state. This can simplify state management, especially in applications where immutability is crucial. Immer is often used in conjunction with other state management libraries, including Redux, to streamline the process of updating state.

  • react-query is a powerful data-fetching library that focuses on managing server state. It simplifies the process of fetching, caching, and synchronizing data from APIs, making it an excellent choice for applications that rely heavily on remote data. React Query provides features like automatic caching, background updates, and query invalidation, which can significantly enhance the user experience when dealing with asynchronous data.

  • recoil is a state management library specifically designed for React applications. It introduces the concept of atoms and selectors to manage state in a more granular way, allowing for better performance and scalability. Recoil is particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies, as it enables fine-grained control over state updates and reactivity.

  • redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a central store to manage application state. Redux is known for its predictable state management and middleware capabilities, making it suitable for large-scale applications. However, it can introduce boilerplate code and complexity, which some developers may want to avoid.

  • valtio is a minimalistic state management library that leverages JavaScript proxies to create a reactive state. It allows developers to manage state in a straightforward manner without the need for complex boilerplate code. Valtio is particularly appealing for those who prefer a simpler approach to state management while still benefiting from reactivity.

  • xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage state in a predictable way. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows. XState allows developers to visualize state transitions and manage side effects, making it a powerful tool for building robust applications.

  • zustand is a lightweight state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a minimal API for managing state in React applications, making it easy to integrate into existing projects. Zustand is ideal for small to medium-sized applications where developers want a straightforward solution without the overhead of more complex libraries.

To see how MobX compares with these alternatives, check out the comparison: Comparing immer vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs valtio vs xstate vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to recoil

recoil is a state management library for React applications that provides a more flexible and efficient way to manage state compared to traditional solutions. It allows developers to create shared state that can be easily accessed and updated across components, making it particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies. Recoil introduces concepts like Atoms and Selectors, which help manage both local and global state in a more intuitive way.

While Recoil is a powerful tool for state management, there are several alternatives that cater to different needs and preferences:

  • formik is a popular library for managing form state in React applications. It simplifies the process of handling form inputs, validation, and submission. While Formik is specifically designed for forms, it can be a great choice if your application heavily relies on form handling and you want to manage form state efficiently.

  • jotai is a state management library that focuses on simplicity and atomic state management. It allows developers to create and manage state using atoms, which are units of state that can be shared across components. Jotai is particularly useful for applications that require a minimalistic approach to state management without the complexity of larger libraries.

  • mobx is a state management library that uses observable state and reactive programming principles. It allows developers to create observable data structures that automatically update the UI when the state changes. MobX is a great choice for applications that require fine-grained reactivity and a more object-oriented approach to state management.

  • react-query is a powerful library for managing server state in React applications. It provides features like caching, synchronization, and background updates, making it ideal for applications that rely heavily on data fetching from APIs. React Query excels in scenarios where managing server state is crucial, while Recoil focuses more on local state management.

  • redux is a widely-used state management library that follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store. Redux is great for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce boilerplate code and complexity. Recoil offers a more flexible approach, allowing for easier state management without the need for reducers and actions.

  • xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage application state. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows. XState provides a visual representation of state transitions, making it easier to understand and manage application logic.

  • zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It allows developers to create global state stores with a straightforward API. Zustand is ideal for small to medium-sized applications where a lightweight solution is preferred over more complex state management libraries.

To see how Recoil compares with these alternatives, check out the comparison: Comparing formik vs jotai vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs xstate vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to valtio

valtio is a state management library for React applications that provides a simple and efficient way to manage state using proxies. It allows developers to create reactive state containers that automatically trigger re-renders when the state changes, making it easy to build responsive user interfaces. While valtio offers a unique approach to state management, there are several alternatives in the React ecosystem that also provide effective solutions. Here are a few notable alternatives:

  • immer is a popular library that simplifies state management by allowing developers to work with immutable state in a more intuitive way. With immer, you can write code that appears to mutate state directly, while it actually creates a new immutable state behind the scenes. This makes it easier to manage complex state updates without the boilerplate code typically associated with immutable data structures. If you need to handle complex state updates while maintaining immutability, immer is a great choice.
  • mobx is a state management library that utilizes observable state and reactions to create a reactive programming model. MobX allows developers to define observable state and automatically track dependencies, making it easy to manage state changes and updates in a straightforward manner. If you prefer a more object-oriented approach to state management and want to leverage observables, mobx is an excellent option.
  • recoil is a state management library for React that provides a more efficient and scalable way to manage state compared to traditional solutions like Redux. Recoil introduces concepts such as atoms and selectors, which allow developers to manage global state and derived state in a more intuitive way. If your application requires complex state management with many dependencies, recoil is a powerful choice.
  • redux is one of the most widely used state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is highly predictable and allows for time-travel debugging, making it suitable for large applications with complex state management needs. If you need a robust solution with a large ecosystem and community support, redux is a solid option.
  • zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state without the boilerplate often associated with other state management solutions. Zustand is perfect for small to medium-sized projects where ease of use and speed of development are priorities. If you want a lightweight and flexible state management solution, zustand is worth considering.

To see how valtio compares with immer, mobx, recoil, redux, and zustand, check out the comparison: Comparing immer vs mobx vs recoil vs redux vs valtio vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to xstate

xstate is a state management library that utilizes finite state machines and statecharts to manage complex state logic in applications. It provides a robust framework for modeling state transitions and handling side effects, making it particularly useful for applications with intricate state management needs. While xstate offers a powerful approach to managing state, there are several alternatives in the ecosystem that cater to different use cases:

  • effector is a fast and powerful state management library that focuses on reactive programming. It allows developers to create complex applications with a simple and intuitive API. Effector is designed to be highly efficient, enabling fine-grained reactivity and easy composition of state and effects. If you are looking for a library that emphasizes performance and a functional approach to state management, effector is an excellent choice.

  • mobx is a simple and scalable state management library that uses observable data structures to automatically track dependencies and update the UI when the state changes. MobX is particularly well-suited for applications where you want to minimize boilerplate code and focus on reactive programming. Its straightforward API and powerful reactivity model make it a popular choice for many developers.

  • react-query is a library designed for managing server state in React applications. It simplifies data fetching, caching, and synchronization, making it easier to work with remote data. While react-query primarily focuses on server state, it can be used alongside other state management libraries to handle client state. If your application relies heavily on remote data and requires efficient data-fetching capabilities, react-query is a great option.

  • recoil is a state management library that provides a more efficient and scalable way to manage complex state in React applications. It introduces concepts like atoms and selectors to manage state dependencies and derived state. Recoil is particularly useful for applications with intricate state relationships and can be a good alternative to more traditional state management solutions.

  • redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is well-suited for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce boilerplate code. If you are building a large-scale application and need a robust solution, Redux is a tried-and-true option.

  • vuex is a state management library specifically designed for Vue.js applications. It follows a similar pattern to Redux but is tailored for the Vue ecosystem. If you are working with Vue.js and need a centralized state management solution, Vuex is the go-to library.

  • zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state without the complexity of more extensive libraries. Zustand is ideal for small to medium-sized projects where you want to maintain a lightweight approach to state management.

To see how xstate compares with effector, mobx, react-query, recoil, redux, vuex, and zustand, check out the comparison: Comparing effector vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs vuex vs xstate vs zustand.

Similar Npm Packages to zustand

zustand is a small, fast, and scalable state management library for React applications. It provides a simple API that allows developers to create global state stores with minimal boilerplate. Zustand's design focuses on performance and ease of use, making it an excellent choice for both small and large applications. It leverages React's hooks to manage state, allowing components to subscribe to specific slices of state without unnecessary re-renders.

While Zustand is a powerful option for state management, there are several alternatives in the React ecosystem that cater to different needs:

  • jotai is a primitive and flexible state management library that allows you to manage state using atoms. It provides a simple API for creating and updating state, making it easy to build complex applications without the overhead of a larger state management solution. Jotai is particularly useful for applications that require fine-grained control over state updates and dependencies.

  • mobx is a reactive state management library that uses observables to manage state. It allows developers to create observable state and automatically re-renders components when the state changes. MobX is particularly well-suited for applications that require a reactive programming model and can handle complex state relationships with ease.

  • react-query is primarily a data-fetching library, but it also provides state management capabilities for server state. It simplifies the process of fetching, caching, and synchronizing server data in React applications. If your application relies heavily on server data, react-query is an excellent choice for managing that state efficiently.

  • recoil is a state management library that provides a more efficient way to manage global state in React applications. It uses atoms and selectors to manage state and derive new state from existing state. Recoil is particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies and relationships.

  • redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is well-suited for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce significant boilerplate code.

  • valtio is a proxy-based state management library that provides a simple API for managing state. It allows developers to create reactive state stores that automatically update components when the state changes. Valtio is lightweight and easy to use, making it a good choice for applications that require a straightforward state management solution.

  • xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage complex state logic. It is particularly useful for applications with intricate state transitions and workflows. XState provides a robust way to model state and transitions, making it ideal for applications that require precise control over state changes.

To explore how Zustand compares with these alternatives, check out the comparison: Comparing jotai vs mobx vs react-query vs recoil vs redux vs valtio vs xstate vs zustand.

README for @reduxjs/toolkit

Redux Toolkit

GitHub Workflow Status npm version npm downloads

The official, opinionated, batteries-included toolset for efficient Redux development

Installation

Create a React Redux App

The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux Toolkit is by using our official Redux Toolkit + TS template for Vite, or by creating a new Next.js project using Next's with-redux template.

Both of these already have Redux Toolkit and React-Redux configured appropriately for that build tool, and come with a small example app that demonstrates how to use several of Redux Toolkit's features.

# Vite with our Redux+TS template
# (using the `degit` tool to clone and extract the template)
npx degit reduxjs/redux-templates/packages/vite-template-redux my-app

# Next.js using the `with-redux` template
npx create-next-app --example with-redux my-app

We do not currently have official React Native templates, but recommend these templates for standard React Native and for Expo:

An Existing App

Redux Toolkit is available as a package on NPM for use with a module bundler or in a Node application:

# NPM
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit

# Yarn
yarn add @reduxjs/toolkit

The package includes a precompiled ESM build that can be used as a <script type="module"> tag directly in the browser.

Documentation

The Redux Toolkit docs are available at https://redux-toolkit.js.org, including API references and usage guides for all of the APIs included in Redux Toolkit.

The Redux core docs at https://redux.js.org includes the full Redux tutorials, as well usage guides on general Redux patterns.

Purpose

The Redux Toolkit package is intended to be the standard way to write Redux logic. It was originally created to help address three common concerns about Redux:

  • "Configuring a Redux store is too complicated"
  • "I have to add a lot of packages to get Redux to do anything useful"
  • "Redux requires too much boilerplate code"

We can't solve every use case, but in the spirit of create-react-app, we can try to provide some tools that abstract over the setup process and handle the most common use cases, as well as include some useful utilities that will let the user simplify their application code.

Because of that, this package is deliberately limited in scope. It does not address concepts like "reusable encapsulated Redux modules", folder or file structures, managing entity relationships in the store, and so on.

Redux Toolkit also includes a powerful data fetching and caching capability that we've dubbed "RTK Query". It's included in the package as a separate set of entry points. It's optional, but can eliminate the need to hand-write data fetching logic yourself.

What's Included

Redux Toolkit includes these APIs:

  • configureStore(): wraps createStore to provide simplified configuration options and good defaults. It can automatically combine your slice reducers, add whatever Redux middleware you supply, includes redux-thunk by default, and enables use of the Redux DevTools Extension.
  • createReducer(): lets you supply a lookup table of action types to case reducer functions, rather than writing switch statements. In addition, it automatically uses the immer library to let you write simpler immutable updates with normal mutative code, like state.todos[3].completed = true.
  • createAction(): generates an action creator function for the given action type string. The function itself has toString() defined, so that it can be used in place of the type constant.
  • createSlice(): combines createReducer() + createAction(). Accepts an object of reducer functions, a slice name, and an initial state value, and automatically generates a slice reducer with corresponding action creators and action types.
  • combineSlices(): combines multiple slices into a single reducer, and allows "lazy loading" of slices after initialisation.
  • createListenerMiddleware(): lets you define "listener" entries that contain an "effect" callback with additional logic, and a way to specify when that callback should run based on dispatched actions or state changes. A lightweight alternative to Redux async middleware like sagas and observables.
  • createAsyncThunk(): accepts an action type string and a function that returns a promise, and generates a thunk that dispatches pending/resolved/rejected action types based on that promise
  • createEntityAdapter(): generates a set of reusable reducers and selectors to manage normalized data in the store
  • The createSelector() utility from the Reselect library, re-exported for ease of use.

For details, see the Redux Toolkit API Reference section in the docs.

RTK Query

RTK Query is provided as an optional addon within the @reduxjs/toolkit package. It is purpose-built to solve the use case of data fetching and caching, supplying a compact, but powerful toolset to define an API interface layer for your app. It is intended to simplify common cases for loading data in a web application, eliminating the need to hand-write data fetching & caching logic yourself.

RTK Query is built on top of the Redux Toolkit core for its implementation, using Redux internally for its architecture. Although knowledge of Redux and RTK are not required to use RTK Query, you should explore all of the additional global store management capabilities they provide, as well as installing the Redux DevTools browser extension, which works flawlessly with RTK Query to traverse and replay a timeline of your request & cache behavior.

RTK Query is included within the installation of the core Redux Toolkit package. It is available via either of the two entry points below:

import { createApi } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query'

/* React-specific entry point that automatically generates
   hooks corresponding to the defined endpoints */
import { createApi } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query/react'

What's included

RTK Query includes these APIs:

  • createApi(): The core of RTK Query's functionality. It allows you to define a set of endpoints describe how to retrieve data from a series of endpoints, including configuration of how to fetch and transform that data. In most cases, you should use this once per app, with "one API slice per base URL" as a rule of thumb.
  • fetchBaseQuery(): A small wrapper around fetch that aims to simplify requests. Intended as the recommended baseQuery to be used in createApi for the majority of users.
  • <ApiProvider />: Can be used as a Provider if you do not already have a Redux store.
  • setupListeners(): A utility used to enable refetchOnMount and refetchOnReconnect behaviors.

See the RTK Query Overview page for more details on what RTK Query is, what problems it solves, and how to use it.

Contributing

Please refer to our contributing guide to learn about our development process, how to propose bugfixes and improvements, and how to build and test your changes to Redux Toolkit.

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