State management libraries are essential tools in modern web development, allowing developers to manage application state in a predictable and efficient manner. These libraries provide various approaches to handling state, enabling developers to choose the best fit for their application architecture and requirements. They facilitate data flow, state updates, and UI reactivity, which are crucial for building responsive and maintainable applications. Each library has its own philosophy and design principles, catering to different use cases and developer preferences.
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Package
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immer
11,954,280
27,725
627 kB
50
7 months ago
MIT
redux
10,696,608
60,912
290 kB
39
a year ago
MIT
zustand
4,372,799
47,925
88.5 kB
4
15 days ago
MIT
mobx
1,700,284
27,556
4.33 MB
63
a month ago
MIT
recoil
508,449
19,609
2.21 MB
321
2 years ago
MIT
valtio
422,326
9,100
88.5 kB
2
9 days ago
MIT
Feature Comparison: immer vs redux vs zustand vs mobx vs recoil vs valtio
Mutability and Immutability
immer: Immer allows you to work with mutable state while ensuring immutability. You can write code that directly modifies state, and Immer will create a new immutable state behind the scenes, making it easier to manage complex state updates without the boilerplate of traditional immutability.
redux: Redux enforces immutability by requiring that state is never mutated directly. Instead, you create new state objects using pure functions (reducers), which can lead to more predictable state transitions but may introduce boilerplate code for updates.
zustand: Zustand allows for mutable state management, enabling direct updates to state without enforcing immutability. This makes it easy to work with, especially for smaller applications where simplicity is key.
mobx: MobX embraces mutable state, allowing direct modifications to observable objects. This approach simplifies state updates and makes it intuitive for developers, as they can change state directly without needing to create copies or manage immutability explicitly.
recoil: Recoil supports both mutable and immutable state management. It allows you to create atoms (units of state) that can be read and written to, offering flexibility in how you manage state across components while maintaining performance and reactivity.
valtio: Valtio uses proxies to create a mutable state that automatically tracks changes. This allows you to write code that feels natural and intuitive while still benefiting from reactivity and performance optimizations without the need for immutability.
Learning Curve
immer: Immer has a gentle learning curve, especially for developers familiar with mutable state management. Its API is straightforward, allowing developers to adopt it quickly without significant overhead in learning new concepts.
redux: Redux has a steeper learning curve due to its concepts of actions, reducers, and middleware. Developers need to understand the unidirectional data flow and how to manage state updates, which can be challenging for beginners.
zustand: Zustand offers a very low learning curve, with a simple API that allows developers to create state stores quickly. Its minimalistic approach makes it accessible for developers of all skill levels.
mobx: MobX is relatively easy to learn, particularly for those who are accustomed to reactive programming. Its observable pattern simplifies state management, but understanding its reactivity model may take some time for newcomers.
recoil: Recoil has a moderate learning curve, especially for developers already familiar with React. Its concepts of atoms and selectors may require some adjustment, but it integrates well with existing React paradigms.
valtio: Valtio is designed to be simple and intuitive, making it easy to learn. Its proxy-based approach allows developers to manage state with minimal boilerplate, which can be appealing for those new to state management.
Performance
immer: Immer is optimized for performance by using structural sharing to minimize memory usage when creating new state. However, it can introduce overhead in very high-frequency updates due to its internal mechanisms for managing immutability.
redux: Redux can face performance challenges in large applications due to its reliance on a single store and the need to re-render components based on state changes. However, optimizations like memoization and selective rendering can mitigate these issues.
zustand: Zustand is lightweight and fast, providing efficient state management without unnecessary re-renders. Its minimalistic design ensures that performance remains high, even in larger applications.
mobx: MobX excels in performance due to its fine-grained reactivity. It only re-renders components that depend on the changed observable state, leading to efficient updates and minimal rendering overhead, making it suitable for performance-critical applications.
recoil: Recoil is designed for performance with its concurrent features, allowing for efficient state updates and rendering. It minimizes unnecessary re-renders by tracking dependencies at a granular level, which is beneficial for complex applications.
valtio: Valtio offers excellent performance by leveraging proxies, allowing for efficient state updates without the need for immutability checks. This results in quick reactivity and minimal overhead, making it suitable for responsive applications.
Ecosystem and Community
immer: Immer has a growing community and is widely adopted in the React ecosystem. It integrates well with other libraries and frameworks, making it a popular choice for projects that require immutability without excessive boilerplate.
redux: Redux has a mature and extensive ecosystem with a plethora of middleware, extensions, and community resources. Its long-standing presence in the React ecosystem ensures robust support and a wealth of learning materials.
zustand: Zustand has a small but active community, and its simplicity has led to quick adoption in various projects. While its ecosystem is still developing, it is gaining popularity for its ease of use and performance.
mobx: MobX has a strong community and a rich ecosystem of tools and extensions. Its popularity in the React community has led to many resources and libraries that enhance its capabilities, making it a reliable choice for reactive applications.
recoil: Recoil is backed by Facebook and has a rapidly growing community. As a newer library, its ecosystem is still developing, but it benefits from strong integration with React and ongoing support from its maintainers.
valtio: Valtio is relatively new but has gained traction for its simplicity and effectiveness. Its community is growing, and it is being adopted in various projects, although its ecosystem is not as extensive as some of the more established libraries.
How to Choose: immer vs redux vs zustand vs mobx vs recoil vs valtio
immer: Choose Immer if you want to simplify state management in applications that require immutable state updates. It allows you to write code that appears to mutate state directly while ensuring immutability under the hood, making it easier to reason about state changes.
redux: Choose Redux for large-scale applications that require a predictable state container and a strict unidirectional data flow. Redux is ideal for complex state management scenarios, providing middleware support and a robust ecosystem for handling side effects and asynchronous actions.
zustand: Choose Zustand for a minimalistic state management solution that emphasizes simplicity and performance. Zustand allows you to create global state stores with a straightforward API, making it a great choice for small to medium-sized applications.
mobx: Select MobX for applications that benefit from reactive programming and require fine-grained reactivity. MobX uses observable states and automatically tracks dependencies, making it ideal for projects where performance and simplicity in state management are priorities.
recoil: Opt for Recoil if you are building React applications and need a state management solution that integrates seamlessly with React's concurrent features. Recoil offers a flexible and scalable approach to state management, allowing for derived state and asynchronous queries.
valtio: Select Valtio for a lightweight and simple state management solution that leverages proxies for reactivity. Valtio is easy to use and integrates well with React, making it suitable for projects that need a straightforward approach without boilerplate code.
Similar Npm Packages to immer
immer is a popular JavaScript library that simplifies the process of working with immutable state in applications. It allows developers to work with mutable state while ensuring that the underlying data remains immutable. This is particularly useful in scenarios where state management is complex, such as in React applications. By using immer, developers can write more intuitive and concise code while maintaining the benefits of immutability, such as easier debugging and performance optimizations.
While immer is a powerful tool, there are several alternatives that also provide solutions for managing immutable state:
immutability-helper is a library designed to help manage immutable data structures in JavaScript. It provides a simple API for updating nested objects and arrays without mutating the original data. This library is particularly useful for developers who want a lightweight solution for handling immutability without the overhead of more complex libraries. If you need to perform straightforward updates to your state while keeping it immutable, immutability-helper is a solid choice.
immutable is a library that provides persistent immutable data structures. It offers a rich set of data types, including List, Map, and Set, which are optimized for performance and memory efficiency. immutable is ideal for applications that require complex data manipulation and need to maintain immutability throughout. If your application heavily relies on complex data structures and you want to leverage the benefits of immutability, immutable is a robust option.
seamless-immutable is another library that provides a way to create immutable objects and arrays in JavaScript. It allows you to create immutable versions of your data structures while providing a simple API for updating them. seamless-immutable is particularly useful for developers looking for a straightforward solution to immutability without the complexity of other libraries. If you want to ensure that your data remains immutable while keeping your code clean and simple, seamless-immutable is worth considering.
redux is a popular state management library for JavaScript applications, particularly those built with React. It provides a centralized store for application state, enabling predictable state updates through actions and reducers. Redux is known for its strict unidirectional data flow, making it easier to understand and debug applications. However, there are several alternatives available that cater to different needs and preferences. Here are some notable alternatives:
effector is a fast and powerful state management library that emphasizes a functional approach to state management. It allows developers to create reactive state stores and manage side effects with ease. Effector's unique model enables fine-grained control over state changes and dependencies, making it suitable for complex applications where performance is critical. If you prefer a more functional and reactive programming style, effector is a great choice.
mobx is another state management library that focuses on simplicity and reactivity. It uses observable state and allows for automatic updates of components when the state changes. MobX is particularly well-suited for applications that require a more intuitive and less boilerplate-heavy approach to state management. If you want to manage state with minimal configuration and enjoy a reactive programming model, MobX is worth considering.
react-query is a powerful library for managing server state in React applications. While it is not a direct replacement for Redux, it complements it by providing tools for fetching, caching, and synchronizing server data. React Query simplifies data fetching and state management, making it ideal for applications that rely heavily on API interactions. If your application requires efficient data fetching and caching, React Query is an excellent addition.
recoil is a state management library developed by Facebook that provides a more flexible and scalable approach to managing state in React applications. It allows for fine-grained control over state and supports derived state and asynchronous queries. Recoil is a great choice for applications with complex state dependencies and relationships, offering a more modern alternative to Redux.
redux-saga is a middleware library for Redux that helps manage side effects in a more manageable way. It allows developers to write complex asynchronous logic using generator functions, making it easier to handle complex workflows. If your application requires sophisticated side effect management, redux-saga can enhance your Redux setup.
redux-thunk is another middleware for Redux that simplifies handling asynchronous actions. It allows you to write action creators that return a function instead of an action, enabling you to perform asynchronous operations before dispatching actions. If you need a straightforward way to handle asynchronous logic in Redux, redux-thunk is a popular choice.
xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to model application state. It provides a powerful way to manage complex state transitions and side effects, making it suitable for applications with intricate state logic. If you prefer a more formal approach to state management with clear state transitions, XState is a compelling option.
zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state in React applications without the boilerplate associated with Redux. If you are looking for a lightweight and easy-to-use alternative for state management, Zustand is a great choice.
zustand is a small, fast, and scalable state management library for React applications. It provides a simple API that allows developers to create global state stores with minimal boilerplate. Zustand's design focuses on performance and ease of use, making it an excellent choice for both small and large applications. It leverages React's hooks to manage state, allowing components to subscribe to specific slices of state without unnecessary re-renders.
While Zustand is a powerful option for state management, there are several alternatives in the React ecosystem that cater to different needs:
jotai is a primitive and flexible state management library that allows you to manage state using atoms. It provides a simple API for creating and updating state, making it easy to build complex applications without the overhead of a larger state management solution. Jotai is particularly useful for applications that require fine-grained control over state updates and dependencies.
mobx is a reactive state management library that uses observables to manage state. It allows developers to create observable state and automatically re-renders components when the state changes. MobX is particularly well-suited for applications that require a reactive programming model and can handle complex state relationships with ease.
react-query is primarily a data-fetching library, but it also provides state management capabilities for server state. It simplifies the process of fetching, caching, and synchronizing server data in React applications. If your application relies heavily on server data, react-query is an excellent choice for managing that state efficiently.
recoil is a state management library that provides a more efficient way to manage global state in React applications. It uses atoms and selectors to manage state and derive new state from existing state. Recoil is particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies and relationships.
redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is well-suited for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce significant boilerplate code.
valtio is a proxy-based state management library that provides a simple API for managing state. It allows developers to create reactive state stores that automatically update components when the state changes. Valtio is lightweight and easy to use, making it a good choice for applications that require a straightforward state management solution.
xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage complex state logic. It is particularly useful for applications with intricate state transitions and workflows. XState provides a robust way to model state and transitions, making it ideal for applications that require precise control over state changes.
mobx is a powerful state management library for JavaScript applications, particularly popular in the React ecosystem. It enables developers to manage application state in a reactive manner, allowing for automatic updates to the UI when the underlying state changes. MobX uses observable state and reactions, making it easy to create complex applications with minimal boilerplate code. Its simplicity and performance make it a great choice for applications that require a responsive and dynamic user interface. However, there are several alternatives to MobX that also provide effective state management solutions:
immer is a library that allows developers to work with immutable state in a more convenient way. It enables you to write code that appears to mutate state directly, while it actually produces a new immutable state. This can simplify state management, especially in applications where immutability is crucial. Immer is often used in conjunction with other state management libraries, including Redux, to streamline the process of updating state.
react-query is a powerful data-fetching library that focuses on managing server state. It simplifies the process of fetching, caching, and synchronizing data from APIs, making it an excellent choice for applications that rely heavily on remote data. React Query provides features like automatic caching, background updates, and query invalidation, which can significantly enhance the user experience when dealing with asynchronous data.
recoil is a state management library specifically designed for React applications. It introduces the concept of atoms and selectors to manage state in a more granular way, allowing for better performance and scalability. Recoil is particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies, as it enables fine-grained control over state updates and reactivity.
redux is one of the most popular state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a central store to manage application state. Redux is known for its predictable state management and middleware capabilities, making it suitable for large-scale applications. However, it can introduce boilerplate code and complexity, which some developers may want to avoid.
valtio is a minimalistic state management library that leverages JavaScript proxies to create a reactive state. It allows developers to manage state in a straightforward manner without the need for complex boilerplate code. Valtio is particularly appealing for those who prefer a simpler approach to state management while still benefiting from reactivity.
xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage state in a predictable way. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows. XState allows developers to visualize state transitions and manage side effects, making it a powerful tool for building robust applications.
zustand is a lightweight state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a minimal API for managing state in React applications, making it easy to integrate into existing projects. Zustand is ideal for small to medium-sized applications where developers want a straightforward solution without the overhead of more complex libraries.
recoil is a state management library for React applications that provides a more flexible and efficient way to manage state compared to traditional solutions. It allows developers to create shared state that can be easily accessed and updated across components, making it particularly useful for applications with complex state dependencies. Recoil introduces concepts like Atoms and Selectors, which help manage both local and global state in a more intuitive way.
While Recoil is a powerful tool for state management, there are several alternatives that cater to different needs and preferences:
formik is a popular library for managing form state in React applications. It simplifies the process of handling form inputs, validation, and submission. While Formik is specifically designed for forms, it can be a great choice if your application heavily relies on form handling and you want to manage form state efficiently.
jotai is a state management library that focuses on simplicity and atomic state management. It allows developers to create and manage state using atoms, which are units of state that can be shared across components. Jotai is particularly useful for applications that require a minimalistic approach to state management without the complexity of larger libraries.
mobx is a state management library that uses observable state and reactive programming principles. It allows developers to create observable data structures that automatically update the UI when the state changes. MobX is a great choice for applications that require fine-grained reactivity and a more object-oriented approach to state management.
react-query is a powerful library for managing server state in React applications. It provides features like caching, synchronization, and background updates, making it ideal for applications that rely heavily on data fetching from APIs. React Query excels in scenarios where managing server state is crucial, while Recoil focuses more on local state management.
redux is a widely-used state management library that follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store. Redux is great for large applications with complex state management needs, but it can introduce boilerplate code and complexity. Recoil offers a more flexible approach, allowing for easier state management without the need for reducers and actions.
xstate is a state management library that uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage application state. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows. XState provides a visual representation of state transitions, making it easier to understand and manage application logic.
zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It allows developers to create global state stores with a straightforward API. Zustand is ideal for small to medium-sized applications where a lightweight solution is preferred over more complex state management libraries.
valtio is a state management library for React applications that provides a simple and efficient way to manage state using proxies. It allows developers to create reactive state containers that automatically trigger re-renders when the state changes, making it easy to build responsive user interfaces. While valtio offers a unique approach to state management, there are several alternatives in the React ecosystem that also provide effective solutions. Here are a few notable alternatives:
immer is a popular library that simplifies state management by allowing developers to work with immutable state in a more intuitive way. With immer, you can write code that appears to mutate state directly, while it actually creates a new immutable state behind the scenes. This makes it easier to manage complex state updates without the boilerplate code typically associated with immutable data structures. If you need to handle complex state updates while maintaining immutability, immer is a great choice.
mobx is a state management library that utilizes observable state and reactions to create a reactive programming model. MobX allows developers to define observable state and automatically track dependencies, making it easy to manage state changes and updates in a straightforward manner. If you prefer a more object-oriented approach to state management and want to leverage observables, mobx is an excellent option.
recoil is a state management library for React that provides a more efficient and scalable way to manage state compared to traditional solutions like Redux. Recoil introduces concepts such as atoms and selectors, which allow developers to manage global state and derived state in a more intuitive way. If your application requires complex state management with many dependencies, recoil is a powerful choice.
redux is one of the most widely used state management libraries in the React ecosystem. It follows a unidirectional data flow and uses a centralized store to manage application state. Redux is highly predictable and allows for time-travel debugging, making it suitable for large applications with complex state management needs. If you need a robust solution with a large ecosystem and community support, redux is a solid option.
zustand is a minimalist state management library that focuses on simplicity and performance. It provides a straightforward API for managing state without the boilerplate often associated with other state management solutions. Zustand is perfect for small to medium-sized projects where ease of use and speed of development are priorities. If you want a lightweight and flexible state management solution, zustand is worth considering.