State Management Libraries Comparison
redux vs zustand vs mobx vs vuex vs xstate vs react-query vs recoil vs effector
1 Year
reduxzustandmobxvuexxstatereact-queryrecoileffectorSimilar Packages:
What's State Management Libraries?

State management libraries are essential tools in web development that help manage the state of applications, particularly in complex user interfaces. They provide a structured way to handle data flow, facilitate communication between components, and ensure that the UI reflects the current state of the application. These libraries vary in their approach to state management, offering different paradigms such as reactive programming, centralized state management, and local state handling. By leveraging these libraries, developers can create more maintainable, scalable, and efficient applications while improving the overall user experience.

NPM Package Downloads Trend
Github Stars Ranking
Stat Detail
Package
Downloads
Stars
Size
Issues
Publish
License
redux9,943,60360,943290 kB39a year agoMIT
zustand4,306,73948,38088.5 kB5a month agoMIT
mobx1,618,76727,6064.33 MB642 months agoMIT
vuex1,562,55128,424271 kB142-MIT
xstate1,544,87527,2531.69 MB13621 days agoMIT
react-query1,318,81042,7712.26 MB942 years agoMIT
recoil477,62619,6202.21 MB3232 years agoMIT
effector50,9224,6191.42 MB1572 months agoMIT
Feature Comparison: redux vs zustand vs mobx vs vuex vs xstate vs react-query vs recoil vs effector

Reactivity

  • redux:

    Redux follows a predictable state container model with a unidirectional data flow. State changes are triggered by actions, and components subscribe to state changes, ensuring that the UI is always in sync with the application state. This model promotes a clear separation of concerns and easier debugging.

  • zustand:

    Zustand offers a simple and minimalistic approach to state management with a focus on reactivity. It allows for both local and global state management in React applications, enabling components to subscribe to state changes without unnecessary re-renders.

  • mobx:

    MobX uses observable data structures that automatically track dependencies. When an observable changes, any component or function that depends on it will automatically re-render or re-execute, providing a seamless reactivity model that minimizes boilerplate code.

  • vuex:

    Vuex leverages Vue's reactivity system to provide a centralized store for managing state in Vue applications. It allows components to reactively access and update shared state, ensuring that the UI reflects the current state of the application efficiently.

  • xstate:

    XState models state management using finite state machines, allowing for explicit state transitions and events. This approach provides a clear and visual representation of state changes, making it easier to reason about complex workflows and interactions.

  • react-query:

    React Query focuses on server state and provides hooks that automatically manage fetching, caching, and updating data. It abstracts away the complexities of data synchronization, allowing developers to focus on building UI without worrying about the underlying state management.

  • recoil:

    Recoil introduces a reactive model for managing state in React applications, allowing components to subscribe to specific pieces of state. It provides derived state and asynchronous queries, enabling a more granular approach to state management while maintaining reactivity.

  • effector:

    Effector provides a highly reactive programming model where state changes automatically propagate through the application. It allows developers to define complex data flows and side effects in a straightforward manner, making it easy to manage state in response to user interactions.

Learning Curve

  • redux:

    Redux has a steeper learning curve due to its strict principles and boilerplate code. Understanding concepts like actions, reducers, and middleware can be challenging for newcomers, but it offers powerful state management capabilities once mastered.

  • zustand:

    Zustand has a low learning curve, making it easy for developers to get started with state management in React applications. Its minimalistic API allows for quick integration without the need for extensive setup.

  • mobx:

    MobX is relatively easy to learn, especially for developers familiar with JavaScript. Its intuitive API and automatic dependency tracking reduce the need for boilerplate code, making it accessible for beginners.

  • vuex:

    Vuex is relatively easy to learn for developers familiar with Vue.js. Its integration with Vue's reactivity system simplifies state management, but understanding its concepts may require some time for those new to Vue.

  • xstate:

    XState has a moderate learning curve, especially for developers unfamiliar with state machines and statecharts. However, once understood, it provides a powerful way to manage complex state transitions and workflows.

  • react-query:

    React Query has a gentle learning curve, particularly for developers already familiar with React. Its hook-based API is straightforward, allowing developers to quickly integrate data fetching and caching into their applications.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is designed to be easy to learn for React developers, as it closely follows React's paradigms. Its API is simple and intuitive, making it easy to manage both local and global state without extensive boilerplate.

  • effector:

    Effector has a moderate learning curve due to its unique approach to state management and reactivity. While it offers powerful features, understanding its concepts may take some time for developers new to reactive programming.

Performance

  • redux:

    Redux can introduce performance challenges if not implemented correctly, particularly with large state trees and frequent updates. However, using techniques like memoization and selective subscriptions can help mitigate performance issues and improve efficiency.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is designed for performance with a minimalistic approach that avoids unnecessary re-renders. Its simple API allows for efficient state management, making it suitable for applications that require both local and global state handling.

  • mobx:

    MobX excels in performance due to its automatic dependency tracking and fine-grained reactivity. It minimizes re-renders by only updating components that depend on changed observables, making it suitable for applications with dynamic data.

  • vuex:

    Vuex is optimized for performance within Vue applications, leveraging Vue's reactivity system to ensure that state changes efficiently propagate to components. Properly structured state management can lead to high performance in Vuex applications.

  • xstate:

    XState offers excellent performance by explicitly defining state transitions and events. This clarity allows for optimized state management, particularly in applications with complex workflows and interactions, ensuring efficient updates and rendering.

  • react-query:

    React Query optimizes performance by caching data and minimizing network requests. It intelligently refetches data based on user interactions and application state, ensuring that the UI remains responsive while reducing unnecessary data fetching.

  • recoil:

    Recoil provides efficient performance through its ability to manage state at a granular level. Components only re-render when the specific pieces of state they depend on change, ensuring optimal performance in React applications.

  • effector:

    Effector is designed for high performance, with a focus on minimizing unnecessary re-renders and optimizing state updates. Its fine-grained reactivity model ensures that only the components that depend on changed state are re-rendered, leading to efficient performance even in large applications.

Extensibility

  • redux:

    Redux is highly extensible through middleware and enhancers, allowing developers to add custom functionality and integrate with other libraries. Its ecosystem is rich with plugins and tools that enhance its capabilities.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is designed to be extensible with custom hooks and middleware, allowing developers to tailor state management to their application's needs. Its simplicity makes it easy to integrate with other libraries and tools.

  • mobx:

    MobX is extensible through decorators and custom observable structures, allowing developers to create tailored solutions for their applications. Its flexibility makes it easy to integrate with existing codebases and libraries.

  • vuex:

    Vuex is extensible through modules, allowing developers to organize state management in a scalable way. Its plugin system enables additional functionality, making it adaptable to various application architectures.

  • xstate:

    XState is inherently extensible, allowing developers to define custom states, events, and transitions. Its statechart model provides a flexible foundation for managing complex state logic and workflows.

  • react-query:

    React Query is extensible with custom hooks and query functions, enabling developers to tailor data fetching and caching strategies to their specific needs. Its plugin system allows for additional functionality and integration with other libraries.

  • recoil:

    Recoil's extensibility comes from its ability to create custom atoms and selectors, allowing developers to define complex state relationships and derived state. This flexibility makes it easy to adapt to various application requirements.

  • effector:

    Effector is highly extensible, allowing developers to create custom stores, effects, and events. Its modular architecture enables easy integration with other libraries and tools, making it adaptable to various application needs.

How to Choose: redux vs zustand vs mobx vs vuex vs xstate vs react-query vs recoil vs effector
  • redux:

    Choose Redux if you need a predictable state container for JavaScript applications, especially for large-scale applications with complex state logic. It enforces a unidirectional data flow and is well-suited for applications that require strict state management practices.

  • zustand:

    Choose Zustand if you prefer a minimalistic and unopinionated state management solution for React applications. It offers a simple API and allows for both local and global state management without the need for boilerplate code.

  • mobx:

    Choose MobX if you prefer a simpler, more intuitive approach to state management that leverages observable data structures. It is ideal for applications that benefit from automatic dependency tracking and reactive programming without boilerplate code.

  • vuex:

    Choose Vuex if you are developing a Vue.js application and need a centralized state management solution. It integrates well with Vue's reactivity system and is designed to work seamlessly with Vue components, making it easy to manage shared state across the application.

  • xstate:

    Choose XState if you are looking for a state management solution based on finite state machines and statecharts. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows, providing a clear visual representation of state logic.

  • react-query:

    Choose React Query if your application heavily relies on server state and asynchronous data fetching. It simplifies data fetching, caching, and synchronization with the server, making it an excellent choice for applications that require real-time data updates.

  • recoil:

    Choose Recoil if you are working with React and need a state management solution that integrates seamlessly with React's concurrent features. It allows for fine-grained state management and provides a simple API for managing both local and global state.

  • effector:

    Choose Effector if you need a highly efficient and flexible state management solution that emphasizes performance and reactivity. It is particularly suitable for applications that require fine-grained control over state updates and side effects.

README for redux

Redux Logo

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger.

You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. The Redux core is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), and has a rich ecosystem of addons.

Redux Toolkit is our official recommended approach for writing Redux logic. It wraps around the Redux core, and contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.

GitHub Workflow Status npm version npm downloads redux channel on discord

Installation

Create a React Redux App

The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux Toolkit is by using our official Redux Toolkit + TS template for Vite, or by creating a new Next.js project using Next's with-redux template.

Both of these already have Redux Toolkit and React-Redux configured appropriately for that build tool, and come with a small example app that demonstrates how to use several of Redux Toolkit's features.

# Vite with our Redux+TS template
# (using the `degit` tool to clone and extract the template)
npx degit reduxjs/redux-templates/packages/vite-template-redux my-app

# Next.js using the `with-redux` template
npx create-next-app --example with-redux my-app

We do not currently have official React Native templates, but recommend these templates for standard React Native and for Expo:

  • https://github.com/rahsheen/react-native-template-redux-typescript
  • https://github.com/rahsheen/expo-template-redux-typescript
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

For the Redux core library by itself:

npm install redux

For more details, see the Installation docs page.

Documentation

The Redux core docs are located at https://redux.js.org, and include the full Redux tutorials, as well usage guides on general Redux patterns:

The Redux Toolkit docs are available at https://redux-toolkit.js.org, including API references and usage guides for all of the APIs included in Redux Toolkit.

Learn Redux

Redux Essentials Tutorial

The Redux Essentials tutorial is a "top-down" tutorial that teaches "how to use Redux the right way", using our latest recommended APIs and best practices. We recommend starting there.

Redux Fundamentals Tutorial

The Redux Fundamentals tutorial is a "bottom-up" tutorial that teaches "how Redux works" from first principles and without any abstractions, and why standard Redux usage patterns exist.

Help and Discussion

The #redux channel of the Reactiflux Discord community is our official resource for all questions related to learning and using Redux. Reactiflux is a great place to hang out, ask questions, and learn - please come and join us there!

Before Proceeding Further

Redux is a valuable tool for organizing your state, but you should also consider whether it's appropriate for your situation. Please don't use Redux just because someone said you should - instead, please take some time to understand the potential benefits and tradeoffs of using it.

Here are some suggestions on when it makes sense to use Redux:

  • You have reasonable amounts of data changing over time
  • You need a single source of truth for your state
  • You find that keeping all your state in a top-level component is no longer sufficient

Yes, these guidelines are subjective and vague, but this is for a good reason. The point at which you should integrate Redux into your application is different for every user and different for every application.

For more thoughts on how Redux is meant to be used, please see:

Basic Example

The whole global state of your app is stored in an object tree inside a single store. The only way to change the state tree is to create an action, an object describing what happened, and dispatch it to the store. To specify how state gets updated in response to an action, you write pure reducer functions that calculate a new state based on the old state and the action.

Redux Toolkit simplifies the process of writing Redux logic and setting up the store. With Redux Toolkit, the basic app logic looks like:

import { createSlice, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: {
    value: 0
  },
  reducers: {
    incremented: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1
    },
    decremented: state => {
      state.value -= 1
    }
  }
})

export const { incremented, decremented } = counterSlice.actions

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: counterSlice.reducer
})

// Can still subscribe to the store
store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState()))

// Still pass action objects to `dispatch`, but they're created for us
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 1}
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 2}
store.dispatch(decremented())
// {value: 1}

Redux Toolkit allows us to write shorter logic that's easier to read, while still following the original core Redux behavior and data flow.

Logo

You can find the official logo on GitHub.

Change Log

This project adheres to Semantic Versioning. Every release, along with the migration instructions, is documented on the GitHub Releases page.

License

MIT