State Management Libraries for React Comparison
redux vs react-redux vs redux-thunk vs zustand vs mobx vs xstate vs redux-saga vs recoil
1 Year
reduxreact-reduxredux-thunkzustandmobxxstateredux-sagarecoilSimilar Packages:
What's State Management Libraries for React?

State management libraries in React provide solutions for managing application state in a predictable and efficient manner. They help developers maintain a clear flow of data and state changes, making it easier to build complex applications. These libraries vary in their approach to state management, offering different paradigms such as reactive programming, centralized state, and more flexible state management solutions. Choosing the right library can significantly impact the development experience and application performance.

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redux10,472,96960,952290 kB39a year agoMIT
react-redux7,903,76123,402740 kB287 months agoMIT
redux-thunk5,490,09117,77526.8 kB1a year agoMIT
zustand4,571,62148,45188.8 kB32 days agoMIT
mobx1,665,95627,6104.33 MB642 months agoMIT
xstate1,632,74427,2681.69 MB13524 days agoMIT
redux-saga1,029,88522,540221 kB37a year agoMIT
recoil499,22319,6222.21 MB3242 years agoMIT
Feature Comparison: redux vs react-redux vs redux-thunk vs zustand vs mobx vs xstate vs redux-saga vs recoil

State Management Paradigm

  • redux:

    Redux follows a unidirectional data flow and centralizes application state in a single store. It emphasizes immutability and pure functions, making it easier to track changes and debug applications, especially in larger codebases.

  • react-redux:

    React-Redux implements a centralized state management approach using Redux, where the entire application state is stored in a single store. This makes state predictable and easier to debug, as all state changes are handled through actions and reducers.

  • redux-thunk:

    Redux-Thunk is a middleware for Redux that allows for writing action creators that return a function instead of an action. This is useful for handling asynchronous operations, such as API calls, within Redux, making it easier to manage side effects.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is a minimalistic state management library that allows for easy and flexible state management without the boilerplate of Redux. It uses hooks to manage state and is ideal for smaller applications or when you need a simple solution.

  • mobx:

    MobX uses a reactive programming paradigm, where state is automatically tracked and updated. Changes to observable state automatically trigger updates in the UI, allowing for a more intuitive development experience.

  • xstate:

    XState uses finite state machines and statecharts to manage state in a more visual and structured way. It is particularly useful for applications with complex state transitions and workflows, providing a clear model of state and behavior.

  • redux-saga:

    Redux-Saga enhances Redux by providing a way to handle side effects in a more manageable way using generator functions. It is particularly useful for complex asynchronous flows and allows for better separation of concerns in handling side effects.

  • recoil:

    Recoil offers a more flexible and fine-grained state management solution, allowing for both global and local state management. It introduces atoms and selectors, enabling developers to manage state in a way that is both efficient and easy to reason about.

Learning Curve

  • redux:

    Redux has a steeper learning curve due to its strict conventions and concepts like immutability and middleware. However, mastering Redux can lead to better state management practices in larger applications.

  • react-redux:

    React-Redux has a moderate learning curve, particularly due to the Redux concepts of actions, reducers, and middleware. However, once understood, it provides a powerful and predictable state management solution.

  • redux-thunk:

    Redux-Thunk is easier to learn compared to Redux-Saga, as it allows for simpler asynchronous action creators. It is a good starting point for those new to Redux and asynchronous programming.

  • zustand:

    Zustand has a very low learning curve, making it easy to integrate into projects without much overhead. Its API is simple and straightforward, making it accessible for developers of all skill levels.

  • mobx:

    MobX has a gentle learning curve, especially for developers familiar with reactive programming concepts. Its straightforward API and less boilerplate code make it easy to adopt for new projects.

  • xstate:

    XState has a moderate learning curve, as it introduces concepts of state machines and statecharts. However, once understood, it provides a powerful way to model complex state transitions.

  • redux-saga:

    Redux-Saga has a higher learning curve due to its use of generator functions and the complexity of handling side effects. It is best suited for developers who are comfortable with asynchronous programming.

  • recoil:

    Recoil has a relatively low learning curve, especially for those already familiar with React hooks. Its API is designed to be intuitive and easy to integrate into existing React applications.

Performance

  • redux:

    Redux can experience performance issues if not managed correctly, particularly with large state trees and frequent updates. However, using techniques like memoization and selective rendering can help mitigate these issues.

  • react-redux:

    React-Redux is optimized for performance through techniques like memoization and selective rendering. It minimizes unnecessary re-renders by only updating components that are connected to the specific pieces of state that have changed.

  • redux-thunk:

    Redux-Thunk can lead to performance improvements by allowing asynchronous actions to be handled more effectively, but it may not be as performant as Redux-Saga for complex flows.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is lightweight and designed for performance, allowing for quick state updates with minimal overhead. Its simplicity can lead to faster development cycles and improved application responsiveness.

  • mobx:

    MobX is designed for performance, as it only updates components that directly depend on the changed observable state. This fine-grained reactivity can lead to better performance in applications with complex state dependencies.

  • xstate:

    XState can enhance performance by clearly defining state transitions and reducing the complexity of state management. Its visual representation of state machines can also help in optimizing performance by identifying bottlenecks early.

  • redux-saga:

    Redux-Saga can improve performance by managing complex asynchronous flows outside of the main application logic, allowing for better control over side effects and reducing the impact on UI performance.

  • recoil:

    Recoil provides efficient state updates by allowing components to subscribe to specific atoms, reducing the number of re-renders and improving performance in applications with large state trees.

Extensibility

  • redux:

    Redux is highly extensible through middleware, allowing developers to add custom functionality and integrate with other libraries. Its ecosystem is rich with plugins and tools that enhance its capabilities.

  • react-redux:

    React-Redux is extensible through middleware and enhancers, allowing developers to customize the store's behavior and integrate additional functionality as needed.

  • redux-thunk:

    Redux-Thunk is simple and extensible, allowing developers to create custom asynchronous action creators that can be tailored to their application's needs.

  • zustand:

    Zustand is designed to be minimal and extensible, allowing developers to easily create custom hooks and state management solutions that fit their specific use cases.

  • mobx:

    MobX is highly extensible, allowing developers to create custom decorators and utilities to enhance its functionality. Its reactive nature makes it easy to integrate with other libraries and frameworks.

  • xstate:

    XState is extensible through custom state machines and services, allowing developers to create reusable and modular state management solutions that can be integrated into various parts of an application.

  • redux-saga:

    Redux-Saga is extensible through the use of custom sagas and effects, allowing developers to tailor side effect management to their specific application requirements.

  • recoil:

    Recoil is designed to be extensible, allowing developers to create custom atoms and selectors to manage state in a way that fits their application's needs.

How to Choose: redux vs react-redux vs redux-thunk vs zustand vs mobx vs xstate vs redux-saga vs recoil
  • mobx:

    Choose MobX for its simplicity and ease of use, especially if you prefer a reactive programming model that automatically tracks state changes and updates the UI accordingly. It is ideal for applications where you want to minimize boilerplate code and focus on observables.

README for redux

Redux Logo

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger.

You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. The Redux core is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), and has a rich ecosystem of addons.

Redux Toolkit is our official recommended approach for writing Redux logic. It wraps around the Redux core, and contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.

GitHub Workflow Status npm version npm downloads redux channel on discord

Installation

Create a React Redux App

The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux Toolkit is by using our official Redux Toolkit + TS template for Vite, or by creating a new Next.js project using Next's with-redux template.

Both of these already have Redux Toolkit and React-Redux configured appropriately for that build tool, and come with a small example app that demonstrates how to use several of Redux Toolkit's features.

# Vite with our Redux+TS template
# (using the `degit` tool to clone and extract the template)
npx degit reduxjs/redux-templates/packages/vite-template-redux my-app

# Next.js using the `with-redux` template
npx create-next-app --example with-redux my-app

We do not currently have official React Native templates, but recommend these templates for standard React Native and for Expo:

  • https://github.com/rahsheen/react-native-template-redux-typescript
  • https://github.com/rahsheen/expo-template-redux-typescript
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

For the Redux core library by itself:

npm install redux

For more details, see the Installation docs page.

Documentation

The Redux core docs are located at https://redux.js.org, and include the full Redux tutorials, as well usage guides on general Redux patterns:

The Redux Toolkit docs are available at https://redux-toolkit.js.org, including API references and usage guides for all of the APIs included in Redux Toolkit.

Learn Redux

Redux Essentials Tutorial

The Redux Essentials tutorial is a "top-down" tutorial that teaches "how to use Redux the right way", using our latest recommended APIs and best practices. We recommend starting there.

Redux Fundamentals Tutorial

The Redux Fundamentals tutorial is a "bottom-up" tutorial that teaches "how Redux works" from first principles and without any abstractions, and why standard Redux usage patterns exist.

Help and Discussion

The #redux channel of the Reactiflux Discord community is our official resource for all questions related to learning and using Redux. Reactiflux is a great place to hang out, ask questions, and learn - please come and join us there!

Before Proceeding Further

Redux is a valuable tool for organizing your state, but you should also consider whether it's appropriate for your situation. Please don't use Redux just because someone said you should - instead, please take some time to understand the potential benefits and tradeoffs of using it.

Here are some suggestions on when it makes sense to use Redux:

  • You have reasonable amounts of data changing over time
  • You need a single source of truth for your state
  • You find that keeping all your state in a top-level component is no longer sufficient

Yes, these guidelines are subjective and vague, but this is for a good reason. The point at which you should integrate Redux into your application is different for every user and different for every application.

For more thoughts on how Redux is meant to be used, please see:

Basic Example

The whole global state of your app is stored in an object tree inside a single store. The only way to change the state tree is to create an action, an object describing what happened, and dispatch it to the store. To specify how state gets updated in response to an action, you write pure reducer functions that calculate a new state based on the old state and the action.

Redux Toolkit simplifies the process of writing Redux logic and setting up the store. With Redux Toolkit, the basic app logic looks like:

import { createSlice, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: {
    value: 0
  },
  reducers: {
    incremented: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1
    },
    decremented: state => {
      state.value -= 1
    }
  }
})

export const { incremented, decremented } = counterSlice.actions

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: counterSlice.reducer
})

// Can still subscribe to the store
store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState()))

// Still pass action objects to `dispatch`, but they're created for us
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 1}
store.dispatch(incremented())
// {value: 2}
store.dispatch(decremented())
// {value: 1}

Redux Toolkit allows us to write shorter logic that's easier to read, while still following the original core Redux behavior and data flow.

Logo

You can find the official logo on GitHub.

Change Log

This project adheres to Semantic Versioning. Every release, along with the migration instructions, is documented on the GitHub Releases page.

License

MIT